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The mean Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) Scores During Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy (PELD) at the L4-L5
L group: lidocaine 5% patch applied with active side down, P group: lidocaine 5% patch applied with inactive side down. *P < 0.05, The mean NRS scores at the stage of needle insertion, skin incision, serial dilation and insertion of working channel, and subcutaneous suturing were significantly lower in the L group than in P group.
