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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2011 Feb 19;96(1):79–88. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2011.02.008

Figure 5. Reduced spatial learning and memory skills and attenuated long term potentiation in middle aged rats that had experienced chronic early-life stress.

Figure 5

Left panel: comparison of training and reversal performance of control middle-aged male rats to a cohort experiencing chronic stress for a week early in life. Latency of the stressed rats to finding a hidden platform using spatial cues is impaired. Right panel: Long-term potentiation in response to high-frequency stimulation is attenuated in early-stressed (CES) rats compared with controls. (Modified from Ivy et al., 2010, with permission)