Figure 5. Reduced spatial learning and memory skills and attenuated long term potentiation in middle aged rats that had experienced chronic early-life stress.
Left panel: comparison of training and reversal performance of control middle-aged male rats to a cohort experiencing chronic stress for a week early in life. Latency of the stressed rats to finding a hidden platform using spatial cues is impaired. Right panel: Long-term potentiation in response to high-frequency stimulation is attenuated in early-stressed (CES) rats compared with controls. (Modified from Ivy et al., 2010, with permission)