Table 1.
Serum 25(OH)D Concentration and Selected Characteristics in the ATBC Study by Case Statusa
| Characteristic | Cases | Controls | P-valueb |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 340 | 340 | c |
| Demographics and Anthropometrics | |||
| Age at randomization (years) | 57 (53–61) | 57 (53–61) | c |
| Weight (kg) | 75 (69–84) | 78 (71–87) | 0.01 |
| Height (cm) | 173 (169–177) | 174 (169–177) | 0.34 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25 (23–28) | 26 (24–29) | 0.01 |
| Urban residence (over 20,000) | 208 (61) | 201 (59) | 0.58 |
| Coastalresidence | 178 (52) | 159 (47) | 0.15 |
| Education (more than elementary) | 68 (20) | 64 (19) | 0.70 |
| Lifestyle Factors | |||
| Number of years of regular smoking | 37 (32–43) | 36 (31–42) | 0.03 |
| Cigarettes per day | 20 (17–25) | 20 (15–20) | <0.001 |
| Pack years | 40 (29–51) | 32 (23–44) | <0.001 |
| Alcohol intake (g/day) | 16 (5–32) | 8.6 (1.7–23) | <0.001 |
| Total Calories | 2511(2058–3108) | 2647(2184–3091) | 0.18 |
| Total Calcium intake (mg/day) | 1342 (883–1765) | 1310(988–1765) | 0.38 |
| Total Vitamin D intake (μg/day) | 5.2 (3.5–7.2) | 5.0 (3.5–7.2) | 0.84 |
| Physical Activity | |||
| Leisure (heavy) | 13 (3.8) | 26 (7.7) | 0.03 |
| Occupational (heavy) | 40 (12) | 38 (11) | 0.86 |
| Vacations to sunny areas | 0 (0–4) | 0 (0–6) | 0.86 |
| Medical History | |||
| History of hypertension | 68 (20) | 62 (18) | 0.56 |
| History of diabetes | 11 (3.2) | 17 (5.0) | 0.25 |
| Serum | |||
| Alpha-Tocopherol (mg/L) | 11.2 (9.2–13.4) | 11.8 (10.4–13.8) | 0.002 |
| Beta-Carotene (ug/L) | 145.0 (82.0–225.0) | 181.5 (121.0–282.5) | <0.001 |
| Retinol (ug/L) | 585.0 (499.0–660.5) | 557.0 (491.5–636.0) | 0.07 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 6.21 (5.40–6.98) | 6.41 (5.58–7.10) | 0.09 |
| HDL (mmol/L) | 1.21 (1.01–1.49) | 1.15 (0.97–1.40) | 0.02 |
| Blood drawn in darker months(Nov-April) | 208 (61) | 213 (63) | c |
| Serum 25(OH)D (nmol/L) | 31(21–47) | 32 (21–48) | 0.66 |
a
Table values are median (interquartile range) for continuous variables and n (column %) for categorical variables.
b
P-value is for Wilcoxon rank sum test (continuous variables) or χ2 test (categorical variables).
c
Matched