Effect of apocynin, catalase, and PD98059 on VPO1 expression and cell proliferation in Ang II-treated A10 VSMCs. (A) BrdU incorporation. (B) Cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry. (C) VPO1 mRNA measured by real-time PCR analysis. (D) VPO1 expression measured by western blot analysis. Control, wild-type cells; Ang II, wild-type cells treated with 100 nmol/L Ang II for 24 h; +apocynin, cells pre-treated with apocynin (400 µmol/L, 20 min) before 100 nmol/L Ang II for 24 h; +catalase, cells pre-treated with catalase (300 nmol/L, 2 h) before 100 nmol/L Ang II for 24 h; +PD98059, cells pre-treated with PD98059 (10 µmol/L) for 30 min before 100 nmol/L Ang II for 24 h. **P < 0.01 vs. control, ++P< 0.01 vs. Ang II. n = 3. Data are representative of three independent experiments.