Table 1.
Selected characteristics of participants
| 8-10-year-olds | 14-16-year-olds | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Girls (n = 382) | Boys (n = 315) | P | Girls (n = 275) | Boys (n = 220) | P | |||||
| Continuous variables1 | ||||||||||
| Age (years) | 9.7 | (0.4) | 9.8 | (0.4) | <0.0001 | 15.6 | (0.4) | 15.7 | (0.4) | 0.07 |
| Height (cm) | 139.2 | (6.4) | 140.3 | (6.5) | 0.03 | 165.5 | (6.6) | 176.4 | (7.3) | <0.0001 |
| Bodyweight (kg) | 33.4 | (6.2) | 34.1 | (6.3) | 0.19 | 57.9 | (9.6) | 65.5 | (10.5) | <0.0001 |
| BMI z-score2 | 0.3 | (1.1) | 0.3 | (1.2) | 0.83 | 0.4 | (1.0) | 0.5 | (1.0) | 0.04 |
| Maternal BMI (kg/m2) | 23.5 | (3.9) | 24 | (4.2) | 0.09 | 23.8 | (4.5) | 24.6 | (5.4) | 0.05 |
| Paternal BMI (kg/m2) | 25.4 | (3.3) | 25.4 | (2.9) | 0.83 | 25.7 | (3.5) | 25.6 | (3.3) | 0.77 |
| Energy intake (MJ)3 | 8.4 | (2.2) | 9.4 | (2.7) | <0.0001 | 8.5 | (2.9) | 12.0 | (4.3) | <0.0001 |
| Fat E%3 | 31.2 | (7.2) | 31.5 | (6.9) | 0.73 | 28.4 | (8.1) | 30.5 | (7.6) | 0.006 |
| Sugar E%3 | 9.5 | (6.6) | 9.7 | (6.9) | 0.65 | 9.5 | (8.0) | 10.7 | (7.1) | 0.11 |
| Liquid sugar (E%)3 | 3.5 | (4.8) | 3.7 | (4.7) | 0.53 | 3.9 | (5.9) | 5.6 | (6.1) | 0.002 |
| Liquid sugar (g/day)3 | 16.5 | (21.5) | 20.8 | (26.3) | <0.0001 | 20.3 | (35.9) | 40.4 | (46.3) | <0.0001 |
| Σ healthy food preferences | 7.2 | (2.5) | 6.4 | (2.4) | <0.0001 | 7.6 | (2.4) | 6.1 | (2.3) | <0.0001 |
| Σ healthy food habits | 19.9 | (3.1) | 19.1 | (3.3) | 0.003 | 20.6 | (2.9) | 18.3 | (3.3) | <0.0001 |
| TV viewing (h/day) | 1.2 | (0.9) | 1.4 | (1.1) | 0.0005 | 1.5 | (1.1) | 1.8 | (1.2) | 0.01 |
| Physical activity (mean counts/min) | 592.1 | (189.3) | 710.3 | (217.8) | <0.0001 | 410.6 | (143.9) | 477.4 | (171.3) | <0.0001 |
| Categorical variables4 | ||||||||||
| SES | ||||||||||
| Low | 186 | (48.7) | 153 | (48.6) | 131 | (47.6) | 115 | (52.3) | ||
| High | 196 | (51.3) | 162 | (51.4) | 0.97 | 144 | (52.4) | 105 | (47.7) | 0.31 |
| TV viewing | ||||||||||
| <1 h/day | 162 | (42.4) | 115 | (36.5) | 85 | (30.9) | 58 | (26.4) | ||
| 1-2 h/day | 180 | (47.1) | 145 | (46.0) | 123 | (44.7) | 93 | (42.3) | ||
| >2 h/day | 40 | (10.5) | 55 | (17.5) | 0.02 | 67 | (24.4) | 69 | (31.4) | 0.20 |
| TV meals | ||||||||||
| Almost never or never | 92 | (24.1) | 81 | (25.7) | 54 | (19.6) | 50 | (22.7) | ||
| 1-2 times a week | 171 | (44.8) | 98 | (31.1) | 111 | (40.4) | 64 | (29.1) | ||
| Every day or most days | 119 | (31.2) | 136 | (43.2) | 0.0005 | 110 | (40.0) | 106 | (48.2) | 0.03 |
1P for difference between boys and girls of same age, tests for difference in multiple regression analysis. Analyses were adjusted for survey year. Values are mean (SD).
2Based on a Danish reference population [26].
3Due to some missing values on the dietary variables these values are based on 356 8-10-year-old girls, 278 8-10-year-old boys, 265 14-16-year-old girls, and 208 14-16-year-old boys.
4P for difference between boys and girls of same age, Chi-square test for difference between groups. Values are n (%).
SD, standard deviation; BMI, body mass index; MJ, Mega Joule; E%, percentage of energy; SES, socioeconomic status.