Table 2.
Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for eczema and rhinoconjunctivitis in relation to dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids in 23,388 schoolchildren, Ryukyus Child Health Study, Japan
| Eczema | Rhinoconjunctivitis | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable1 | Prevalence (%) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI)2 | Prevalence (%) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI)2 |
| Polyunsaturated fatty acids | ||||||
| Q1 (10.7) | 6.1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 8.8 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q2 (12.8) | 6.8 | 1.13 (0.96-1.34) | 1.10 (0.94-1.31) | 7.6 | 0.86 (0.74-0.99) | 0.86 (0.74-0.999) |
| Q3 (14.2) | 7.7 | 1.29 (1.10-1.51) | 1.23 (1.05-1.45) | 7.2 | 0.81 (0.69-0.94) | 0.81 (0.70-0.95) |
| Q4 (15.6) | 6.5 | 1.08 (0.92-1.28) | 1.02 (0.86-1.21) | 7.9 | 0.89 (0.77-1.03) | 0.89 (0.77-1.04) |
| Q5 (18.0) | 7.9 | 1.33 (1.13-1.56) | 1.26 (1.07-1.48) | 8.6 | 0.98 (0.85-1.13) | 0.97 (0.83-1.12) |
| P for trend | 0.005 | 0.04 | 0.96 | 0.83 | ||
| n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids | ||||||
| Q1 (1.3) | 5.8 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 8.1 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q2 (1.7) | 6.9 | 1.20 (1.02-1.42) | 1.16 (0.98-1.37) | 8.2 | 1.01 (0.87-1.17) | 1.01 (0.87-1.17) |
| Q3 (2.0) | 7.4 | 1.30 (1.10-1.53) | 1.22 (1.04-1.45) | 7.1 | 0.87 (0.75-1.01) | 0.87 (0.74-1.01) |
| Q4 (2.3) | 6.9 | 1.21 (1.02-1.42) | 1.12 (0.94-1.32) | 8.1 | 1.00 (0.86-1.16) | 0.99 (0.85-1.15) |
| Q5 (2.8) | 7.9 | 1.40 (1.19-1.64) | 1.31 (1.11-1.54) | 8.6 | 1.07 (0.93-1.24) | 1.05 (0.90-1.22) |
| P for trend | 0.0003 | 0.009 | 0.45 | 0.63 | ||
| α-Linolenic acid (18:3 n-3) | ||||||
| Q1 (1.0) | 5.8 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 8.6 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q2 (1.3) | 6.7 | 1.17 (0.99-1.39) | 1.14 (0.96-1.35) | 8.0 | 0.93 (0.80-1.08) | 0.93 (0.80-1.08) |
| Q3 (1.5) | 7.5 | 1.32 (1.12-1.56) | 1.25 (1.06-1.47) | 7.2 | 0.82 (0.71-0.95) | 0.82 (0.71-0.96) |
| Q4 (1.8) | 7.1 | 1.24 (1.05-1.46) | 1.15 (0.97-1.36) | 8.1 | 0.94 (0.81-1.09) | 0.94 (0.81-1.09) |
| Q5 (2.2) | 8.0 | 1. 41 (1.20-1.66) | 1.31 (1.12-1.55) | 8.2 | 0.95 (0.82-1.10) | 0.93 (0.80-1.08) |
| P for trend | < 0.0001 | 0.003 | 0.57 | 0.41 | ||
| Eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5 n-3) | ||||||
| Q1 (0.03) | 6.4 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 8.3 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q2 (0.07) | 6.8 | 1.06 (0.90-1.25) | 1.04 (0.88-1.23) | 7.8 | 0.94 (0.81-1.10) | 0.95 (0.82-1.11) |
| Q3 (0.09) | 7.1 | 1.10 (0.94-1.30) | 1.07 (0.91-1.26) | 7.6 | 0.92 (0.79-1.06) | 0.91 (0.78-1.06) |
| Q4 (0.12) | 7.5 | 1.18 (1.002-1.38) | 1.15 (0.98-1.35) | 7.5 | 0.90 (0.78-1.05) | 0.90 (0.77-1.05) |
| Q5 (0.21) | 7.2 | 1.13 (0.96-1.33) | 1.12 (0.95-1.31) | 8.9 | 1.09 (0.94-1.26) | 1.10 (0.95-1.27) |
| P for trend | 0.06 | 0.09 | 0.41 | 0.42 | ||
| Docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 n-3) | ||||||
| Q1 (0.13) | 6.9 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 8.5 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q2 (0.20) | 6.6 | 0.95 (0.81-1.12) | 0.94 (0.80-1.11) | 7.6 | 0. 89 (0.76-1.03) | 0. 90 (0.77-1.05) |
| Q3 (0.24) | 7.5 | 1.08 (0.93-1.27) | 1.04 (0.88-1.21) | 7.6 | 0.88 (0.76-1.02) | 0.86 (0.74-0.998) |
| Q4 (0.30) | 7.0 | 1.01 (0.86-1.18) | 0.99 (0.84-1.16) | 7.9 | 0.92 (0.79-1.06) | 0.92 (0.79-1.06) |
| Q5 (0.43) | 7.0 | 1.01 (0.86-1.19) | 1.01 (0.86-1.18) | 8.5 | 1.00 (0.87-1.16) | 1.00 (0.86-1.16) |
| P for trend | 0.67 | 0.75 | 0.85 | 0.92 | ||
| n-6 Polyunsaturated fatty acids | ||||||
| Q1 (7.1) | 6.1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 8.6 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q2 (8.8) | 6.8 | 1.12 (0.95-1.32) | 1.07 (0.91-1.27) | 7.9 | 0.91 (0.78-1.05) | 0.91 (0.78-1.05) |
| Q3 (10.1) | 7.2 | 1.19 (1.01-1.40) | 1.14 (0.96-1.34) | 7.7 | 0.88 (0.76-1.02) | 0.90 (0.77-1.05) |
| Q4 (11.3) | 7.0 | 1.15 (0.97-1.35) | 1.08 (0.91-1.27) | 7.5 | 0.86 (0.74-1.001) | 0.87 (0.75-1.02) |
| Q5 (13.5) | 8.0 | 1.33 (1.13-1.56) | 1.26 (1.07-1.48) | 8.5 | 0.99 (0.86-1.15) | 0.98 (0.85-1.14) |
| P for trend | 0.001 | 0.01 | 0.71 | 0.68 | ||
| Linoleic acid (18:2 n-6) | ||||||
| Q1 (6.9) | 6.1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 8.6 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q2 (8.7) | 6.8 | 1.12 (0.95-1.32) | 1.08 (0.91-1.27) | 7.9 | 0.91 (0.78-1.05) | 0.91 (0.79-1.06) |
| Q3 (9.9) | 7.2 | 1.20 (1.02-1.41) | 1.14 (0.97-1.34) | 7.5 | 0.86 (0.74-1.002) | 0.88 (0.76-1.03) |
| Q4 (11.1) | 6.9 | 1.13 (0.96-1.33) | 1.06 (0.90-1.26) | 7.5 | 0.86 (0.74-0.999) | 0.87 (0.75-1.02) |
| Q5 (13.3) | 8.0 | 1.34 (1.14-1.57) | 1.27 (1.08-1.49) | 8.6 | 1.00 (0.87-1.16) | 1.00 (0.86-1.15) |
| P for trend | 0.001 | 0.01 | 0.77 | 0.76 | ||
| Arachidonic acid (20:4 n-6) | ||||||
| Q1 (0.07) | 7.9 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 8.9 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q2 (0.10) | 7.5 | 0.95 (0.81-1.10) | 0.92 (0.78-1.07) | 7.8 | 0.87 (0.75-1.01) | 0.88 (0.76-1.02) |
| Q3 (0.12) | 6.7 | 0.83 (0.71-0.98) | 0.80 (0.68-0.94) | 8.2 | 0.92 (0.79-1.06) | 0.91 (0.78-1.05) |
| Q4 (0.14) | 6.3 | 0.79 (0.67-0.92) | 0.76 (0.65-0.89) | 7.5 | 0.84 (0.72-0.97) | 0.83 (0.72-0.97) |
| Q5 (0.17) | 6.6 | 0.83 (0.71-0.97) | 0.81 (0.69-0.95) | 7.8 | 0.87 (0.75-1.01) | 0.86 (0.74-0.997) |
| P for trend | 0.002 | 0.0008 | 0.05 | 0.03 | ||
| n-3/n-6 Polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio | ||||||
| Q1 (0.17) | 6.0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 7.4 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q2 (0.18) | 7.1 | 1.20 (1.02-1.41) | 1.17 (0.99-1.38) | 7.8 | 1.06 (0.91-1.23) | 1.05 (0.90-1.23) |
| Q3 (0.20) | 7.0 | 1.18 (0.997-1.39) | 1.14 (0.96-1.34) | 8.1 | 1.10 (0.94-1.28) | 1.07 (0.92-1.25) |
| Q4 (0.21) | 7.6 | 1.28 (1.09-1.51) | 1.21 (1.03-1.42) | 8.0 | 1.08 (0.93-1.26) | 1.04 (0.89-1.21) |
| Q5 (0.23) | 7.2 | 1.21 (1.03-1.43) | 1.17 (0.99-1.38) | 8.7 | 1.19 (1.03-1.38) | 1.16 (0.99-1.35) |
| P for trend | 0.02 | 0.07 | 0.03 | 0.11 | ||
1 Quintile medians in g/day adjusted energy intake using the residual method are given in parentheses, except for the ratio of n-3 to n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, which was based on crude intake in g/day.
2 Adjustment for age, sex, residential municipality, number of siblings, smoking in the household, body mass index, paternal and maternal history of allergic diseases, and paternal and maternal educational level.