Table 2.

Association between depressive symptoms (history, and cross-sectionally) and cognitive deficit^† at Phase 7.

	History of depressive symptoms and cognition		Cross-sectional association between depressive symptoms and cognition
	Never Depressed‡	Ever (once or more Depressed)	Not Depressed at Phase 7	Depressed at Phase 7
	N=2852 (66.8%)	N=1419 (33.2%)	N=3805 (89.1%)	N=466 (10.9%)
		OR (95% CI)		OR (95% CI)
Memory
adjusted for age, sex, marital status & education	1	1.20 (1.00–1.45)*	1	1.38 (1.06–1.80)*
+ diabetes, CHD, hypertension, stroke, & anti-depressant use	1	1.19 (0.99–1.43)	1	1.36 (1.04–1.77)*
AH4-I (reasoning)
adjusted for age, sex, marital status & education	1	1.26 (1.07–1.49)*	1	1.46 (1.14–1.86)*
+ diabetes, CHD, hypertension, stroke, & anti-depressant use	1	1.28 (1.08–1.51)*	1	1.46 (1.14–1.87)*
Mill Hill (vocabulary)
adjusted for age, sex, marital status & education	1	1.14 (0.96–1.34)	1	1.40 (1.10–1.78)*
+ diabetes, CHD, hypertension, stroke, & anti-depressant use	1	1.14 (0.96–1.35)	1	1.39 (1.10–1.77)*
Phonemic fluency
adjusted for age, sex, marital status & education	1	1.11 (0.94–1.32)	1	1.24 (0.97–1.60)
+ diabetes, CHD, hypertension, stroke, & anti-depressant use	1	1.11 (0.94–1.32)	1	1.22 (0.94–1.58)
Semantic fluency
adjusted for age, sex, marital status & education	1	1.19 (1.00–1.42)*	1	1.40 (1.10–1.80)*
+ diabetes, CHD, hypertension, stroke, & anti-depressant use	1	1.19 (1.00–1.42)*	1	1.37 (1.05–1.77)*
MMSE
adjusted for age, sex, marital status & education	1	1.08 (0.89–1.32)	1	1.24 (0.93–1.64)
+ diabetes, CHD, hypertension, stroke, & anti-depressant use	1	1.05 (0.86–1.29)	1	1.17 (0.88–1.56)

^†Worst sex-specific quintile of cognitive function at Phase 7; covariates drawn from Phase 7.

^‡Not depressed at any of the 6 measures over the 18-year follow-up.