. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Jun 13.

Published in final edited form as: J Clin Psychiatry. 2010 Jun 1;71(10):1379–1385. doi: 10.4088/JCP.09m05349gry

Table 4.

The association between frequency of DISTAL depressive symptoms (Phases 1, 2, 3) and cognitive deficit^† at phase 7.

	Not Depressed^‡	Depressed 1 time	Depressed 2 or 3 times
	N=3208 (75.1%)	N=651 (15.2%)	N=412 (9.7%)

		OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)
Memory
adjusted for age, sex, marital status & education	1	1.14 (0.90–1.45)	1.50 (1.14–1.97)*
+ diabetes, CHD & hypertension		1.14 (0.90–1.46)	1.49 (1.14–1.95)*

AH4-I (reasoning)
adjusted for age, sex, marital status & education	1	1.13 (0.90–1.40)	1.22 (0.94–1.58)
+ diabetes, CHD & hypertension		1.14 (0.91–1.42)	1.20 (0.92–1.56)

Mill Hill (vocabulary)
adjusted for age, sex, marital status & education	1	1.16 (0.93–1.45)	1.06 (0.81–1.39)
+ diabetes, CHD & hypertension	1	1.17 (0.94–1.46)	1.05 (0.80–1.37)

Phonemic fluency
adjusted for age, sex, marital status & education	1	0.93 (0.74–1.17)	1.21 (0.93–1.57)
+ diabetes, CHD & hypertension	1	0.93 (0.74–1.18)	1.19 (0.92–1.56)

Semantic fluency
adjusted for age, sex, marital status & education	1	1.20 (0.95–1.51)	1.36 (1.04–1.78)*
+ diabetes, CHD & hypertension	1	1.21 (0.96–1.52)	1.35 (1.03–1.76)*

MMSE
adjusted for age, sex, marital status & education	1	0.97 (0.74–1.26)	1.31 (0.98–1.76)
+ diabetes, CHD & hypertension	1	0.98 (0.74–1.28)	1.29 (0.96–1.73)

^†

Worst sex-specific quintile of cognitive function at Phase 7; covariates drawn from Phase 3.

^‡

Not depressed at the 3 distal measures of depressive symptoms.