Table 3. Factors associated with severe incident anemia among ARV-exposed, HIV-uninfected infants.
| Univariate Analysis | Multivariate Analysis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | OR (95% CI) | P-valuea | aOR (95% CI) | P-valuea |
| Exposure category | ||||
| ZDV-FF | reference | <0.001 | reference | <0.001 |
| HAART-BF | 5.80 (3.05-11.0) | 0.037 | 5.78 (3.04-11.0) | 0.035 |
| ZDV-BF | 2.17 (1.05-4.52) | 2.20 (1.06-4.58) | ||
| Gestational Age (per week) | 0.87 (0.80-0.94) | <0.001 | 0.89 (0.82-0.96) | 0.005 |
| Male Sex | 1.49 (1.01-2.19) | 0.044 | 1.53 (1.03-2.27) | 0.035 |
| Maternal personal income < $100/month | 2.05 (1.13-3.70) | 0.018 | 2.04 (1.12-3.71) | 0.020 |
| Small for Gestational Age (< 10th percentile)b | 1.68 (1.00-2.82) | 0.052 | … | |
| Maternal body mass index (per kg/m2)c | 1.00 (0.95-1.05) | 0.953 | … | |
| Maternal CD4+ cell count (per 10 cells/μL) | 0.99 (0.98-1.00) | 0.232 | … | |
| Maternal HIV-1 viral load (per log10 copies/mL) | 1.03 (0.82-1.29) | 0.811 | … | |
| Maternal hemoglobin (per mg/dL) | 0.95 (0.80-1.11) | 0.500 | … | |
| Village residence | 1.06 (0.73-1.55) | 0.766 | … | |
| HAART regimend | ||||
| Nevirapine/ZDV/3TCe | reference | … | … | |
| Lopinavir/ritonavir/ZDV/3TC | 1.10 (0.53-1.92) | 0.979 | … | |
| Abacavir/ZDV/3TC | 0.74 (0.38-1.43) | 0.375 | … | |
| Duration of antenatal HAART (per week)f | 0.99 (0.92-1.06) | 0.748 | … | |
NOTE. Only significant factors (p<0.05) were retained in multivariate model. aOR, adjusted odds ratio; BF, breastfeeding; CI, confidence interval; FF, formula-feeding; HAART, highly-active antiretroviral therapy; HIV-1, human immunodeficiency virus, type I; ZDV, zidovudine; 3TC, lamivudine.
Wald chi-square.
Botswana normative tables [Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, unpublished data]
Calculated using maternal weight measured one-month postpartum.
Analysis for maternal HAART is restricted to only HAART-BF group.
Includes one infant who mother took stavudine, lamivudine, and nevirapine for antenatal HAART.
To avoid confounding effect of prematurity, analysis for duration of antenatal HAART is restricted to term infants in the HAART-BF group.