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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Jul 1.

Published in final edited form as: Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2011 May 6;156(5):561–568. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.b.31196

Table 3.

Bivariate Correlations Between Depression and Substance Use Disorders

	Alcohol Disorders			Drug Disorders
	Phenotypic^*	Genetic^*	Environmental^*	Phenotypic	Genetic	Environmental
MDD	0.293, p=6.4×10⁻⁸	0.582, p=0.007	0.130, p=0.316	0.251, p=0.002	0.303, p=0.219	0.211, p=0.394
Recurrent MDD	0.199, p=0.001	0.587, p=0.006	−0.055, p=0.718	0.190, p=0.029	0.442, p=0.080	−0.074, p=0.788
Early MDD^{^}	0.284, p=9.1×10⁻⁶	0.593, p=0.012	0.080, p=0.634	0.202, p=0.026	0.096, p=0.702	0.336, p=0.292
Early-Recurrent MDD	0.245, p=3.5×10⁻⁴	0.631, p=0.006	−0.038, p=0.837	0.208, p=0.033	0.254, p=0.314	0.151, p=0.655

^*

Phenotypic, genetic and environmental correlations between major depressive disorders and alcohol or drug disorders;

^{^}

onset of depression before age 25; MDD = major depressive disorder