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Induction of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in astrocytes by recombinant inflammatory cytokine treatment. Cultures were untreated (−) or treated with 10 ng/ml each of recombinant IL-1α, interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) for 48 hr. Supernatants were centrifuged and tested for the presence of IL-6 by ELISA. The data represent the mean ± SD of triplicate samples. *Significant differences with the untreated control group (−), as determined by the Student's t-test (P < 0·01).
