Table 1.
Patient Characteristics by Surgical Fenestration Status.
| Fenestration (N=361) Mean ± SD or % |
No Fenestration (N=175) Mean ± SD or % |
P-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEMOGRAPHICS | |||
| Age at study enrollment, years | 11.2±3.2 | 13.2±3.6 | <.001 |
| Age at Fontan, years | 3.5±2.3 | 3.3±1.8 | 0.4 |
| Male | 60% | 58% | 0.6 |
| MEDICAL HISTORY: PRIOR TO FONTAN PROCEDURE | |||
| Anatomy | 0.3 | ||
| Double Inlet Left Ventricle | 13% | 18% | |
| Mitral atresia | 6% | 5% | |
| Tricuspid atresia | 21% | 26% | |
| Unbalanced Atrioventricular canal | 4% | 5% | |
| Heterotaxy | 8% | 7% | |
| Hypoplastic left heart syndrome | 23% | 15% | .06 |
| Other | 26% | 24% | |
| Stage II performed | 84% | 54% | .005* |
| Prior surgical procedures | 3.3 ± 2.0 | 2.5 ± 1.7 | 0.3* |
| Prior non-stage II surgeries | 2.4 ± 1.9 | 1.9± 1.5 | 0.3* |
| Prior Catheter interventions | 0.9 ± 1.2 | 0.4 ± 0.7 | 0.2* |
| Severity of AV valve regurgitation | <.001 | ||
| None/trivial | 60% | 76% | |
| Mild | 33% | 23% | |
| Moderate/severe | 7% | 1% | |
| EDP, mmHg | 7.6±3.4 | 8.3±3.0 | 0.02 |
| Mean PA pressure, mmHg | 11.2±3.1 | 11.8±3.9 | 0.1 |
| Oxygen saturation, % | 84.6±4.9 | 82.8±5.3 | <.001 |
| Decreased ventricular function | 18% | 17% | 0.9 |
| Arrhythmia | 20% | 24% | 0.3 |
| Thrombosis | 6% | 2% | 0.04 |
| MEDICAL HISTORY: FONTAN PROCEDURE | |||
| Weight for age at Fontan, percentile | 26±28 | 28±27 | 0.5 |
| Height for age at Fontan, percentile | 32±29 | 32±28 | 0.8 |
| Type of Fontan | <.001 | ||
| AP connection | 6% | 30% | |
| TCPC intracardiac tunnel | 65% | 45% | |
| TCPC extracardiac tunnel | 14% | 12% | |
| TCPC extracardiac conduit | 15% | 8% | |
| Other | 1% | 5% | |
*
adjusted for center, age at enrollment, year of Fontan
LV= left ventricle, RV= right ventricle, AV= atrioventricular. EDP= end diastolic pressure, PA= pulmonary artery, AP = atriopulmonary, TCPC= total cavopulmonary connection