Table 3.

Subject Profiles by Current Fenestration Status.

	Fenestration (N = 69) Mean ± SD or %	No Fenestration Detected (N = 458) Mean ± SD or %	P-Value
Age at enrollment, yrs	10.7±3.3	12.0±3.4	0.002
Age at Fontan, yrs	3.7±2.3	3.4±2.1	0.3
Years since Fontan	7.1±3.2	8.7±3.5	<.001
Male	61%	59%	0.9
Stage II performed	93%	80%	0.005*
Anatomy			0.3
Double Inlet Left Ventricle	12%	15%
Mitral atresia	7%	5%
Tricuspid atresia	13%	24%
Unbalanced Atrioventricular canal	3%	4%
Heterotaxy	9%	7%
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome	26%	19%
Other	30%	25%
Type of Fontan			0.001
AP connection	0%	16%
TCPC intracardiac tunnel	80%	56%
TCPC extracardiac tunnel lateral	9%	14%
TCPC extracardiac conduit	10%	13%
Other	1%	2%
Post Fontan Medical History
Weight for age at study, percentile	29±28	35±31	0.2
Height for age at study, percentile	36±30	42±33	0.2
Cardiac surgical procedures	0.3±0.6	0.4±1.0	0.8*
Catheter interventions	0.5±1.2	0.5±1.0	0.3*
Stroke	0%	2%	1.0*
Thrombosis	4%	8%	0.3*
PLE	3%	4%	1.0*
Arrhythmia	21%	20%	0.5*
Functional Health Assessed by Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ50)
Physical Summary Score	46±10	45±12	0.4*
Psychosocial Summary Score	46±11	48±11	0.8*
Echocardiography
Echo EF, %	58±10	59±10	0.6*
Mass:volume ratio z score	1.2±0.5	1.2±0.4	0.5*
dP/dt, mm Hg/s	1575±1026	1374±908	0.3*
Exercise Testing
Resting O2 saturation (%)	89±5	95±4	<.001*
Peak VO2 (ml/kg/min)	25±6	27±6	0.2*
% Predicted peak VO2	63±14	67±15	0.1*
VO2 at VAT (ml/kg/min)	16±4	18±6	0.1*
% Predicted VO2 at VAT	67±14	77±22	0.1*
BNP (pg/ml)	34±72	25±44	1.0*

^*Age-adjusted comparisons

LV= left ventricle, RV= right ventricle, AP = atriopulmonary, TCPC= total cavopulmonary connection, PLE= protein losing enteropathy, EDV= end diastolic volume, ESV= end systolic volume, EF=ejection fraction, O2= oxygen, VO2= maximal oxygen consumption, VAT= ventilatory anaerobic threshold