Figure 1.

The effect of T and 1,25(OH)₂D₃ alone and in combination on LNCaP cells. LNCaP cells were plated as described in Material and Methods, and treated with 5 nM T and 100 nM 1,25(OH)₂D₃ alone or in combination for the indicated times (Panel A) or 48 h (panels B and C). Panel A: changes in cell number were measured by crystal violet; Panel B: cell cycle kinetics were measured by flow cytometry using propidium iodide staining (Blue:G₀/G₁ phase, Red: S phase; Black G₂/M); Panel C: Cell death was monitored by flow cytometry of Apo-BrdU incorporation as described in Experimental Procedures [(Apoptotic cells shown upper right quadrant (Q2)]. LNCaP cells were also treated with bicalutamide in the absence and presence of T and 1,25(OH)₂D₃ for 48 h.