. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Nov 1.

Published in final edited form as: Expert Rev Vaccines. 2011 May;10(5):659–672. doi: 10.1586/erv.11.55

Table 4.

Viral-vectored hepatitis C vaccine studies.

Structure/vector (Investigator)	Phase (year)	Subjects	Outcome	Ref.
TG4040: MVA vector expressing NS3/4/5B proteins (Transgene)	I (2009)	15 chronically infected HCV patients	A total of six out of 15 declined HCV viral load (0.5– 1.4 log) associated with T-cell response (IFN-γ ELISpot)	[107]
Adenovirus vector (Ad6 and AdCh3) expressing NS3–5B proteins (Okairos and Oxford University).	I (2009)	36 healthy volunteers	Highly immunogenic and well tolerated	[73]

Viral-vectored hepatitis C vaccine advantages: efficient induction of cellular immune responses; presentation of a broader range of viral epitopes.

Disadvantages: pre-existing immunity to viral vector (adenovirus; may be overcome by the use of rare serotypes); limited experience in humans.

Ad: Adenovirus; ELISpot: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; MVA: Modified vaccinia Ankara.