Table 4.
Multivariable analysis of the association between initial pleural fluid drainage procedure and outcomes for children with complicated pneumonia while excluding those with underlying chronic comorbid conditions.
| Adjusted OR (95% CI)a | P-value | |
|---|---|---|
| Additional Pleural Drainage Procedure | ||
| Chest tube without fibrinolysis | 1.80 (1.05–3.10) | 0.033 |
| Chest tube with fibrinolysis | 2.29 (1.43–3.68) | <0.001 |
| Thoracotomy | 2.74 (1.72–4.37) | <0.001 |
| VATS | Reference | … |
| Readmission within 14 days | ||
| Chest tube without fibrinolysis | 0.60 (0.33–1.06) | 0.080 |
| Chest tube with fibrinolysis | 0.35 (0.15–0.82) | 0.016 |
| Thoracotomy | 0.72 (0.43–1.22) | 0.220 |
| VATS | Reference | … |
| Adjusted Mean (95% CI)a | P-value | |
| Total LOS (days) | ||
| Chest tube without fibrinolysis | 7.7 (7.6, 7.9) | 0.321 |
| Chest tube with fibrinolysis | 7.8 (7.6, 8) | 0.879 |
| Thoracotomy | 7.7 (7.5, 7.9) | 0.346 |
| VATS | 7.8 (7.6, 8) | Reference |
| Post-Initial Procedure LOS (days) | ||
| Chest tube without fibrinolysis | 6.7 (6.5, 6.9) | 0.496 |
| Chest tube with fibrinolysis | 6.9 (6.6, 7.1) | 0.377 |
| Thoracotomy | 6.7 (6.5, 6.9) | 0.632 |
| VATS | 6.7 (6.5, 7) | Reference |
| Total Cost, Index Hospitalization ($) | ||
| Chest tube without fibrinolysis | 20282 (19454, 21146) | 0.010 |
| Chest tube with fibrinolysis | 21021 (20125, 21958) | 0.790 |
| Thoracotomy | 20889 (20018, 21799) | 0.503 |
| VATS | 21133 (20224, 22084 | Reference |
| Total Cost, Episode of Illness ($) | ||
| Chest tube without fibrinolysis | 20423 (19587–21294) | 0.004 |
| Chest tube with fibrinolysis | 21188 (20282–22135) | 0.316 |
| Thoracotomy | 21007 (20128–21924) | 0.277 |
| VATS | 21414 (20488–22382) | Reference |
All models adjusted for age, sex, race, month of admission, primary payer, radiologic imaging performed, empiric antibiotic therapy, concurrent diagnosis of influenza or hemolytic uremic syndrome, timing of primary pleural fluid drainage procedure, and receipt of corticosteroids and requirement for mechanical ventilation, blood product transfusions, vasoactive infusions, intensive care unit hospitalization, extracorporeal membranous oxygenation, and arterial blood gas measurements within the first two days of hospitalization and clustered on hospital.
Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; VATS, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery