Table 1.

Comparison of behavior of naive and sham control males in immediate tests with immobilized virgin and mobile mated females

Test	Group	N	CI	U	U0.025	P
Immobilized virgin females	naive	20	41.9 ± 6.66
	sham control	20	38.3 ± 8.47	221	127	>0.05
Mobile mated females	naive	20	45.0 ± 5.87
	sham control	20	42.8 ± 5.44	207	127	>0.05

CIs (CI ± s.e.m.) calculated for independent samples of naive and sham control males are shown. Naive males were kept individually from the moment of eclosion. For sham training, a male was placed alone in an experimental chamber for 30 min. After sham training, flies were tested immediately either with immobilized virgin or mobile mated 5-day-old C-S females. N denotes sample size. The Mann-Whitney U-statistic was calculated to compare groups of naive and sham control males. The null hypothesis was rejected when U ⩽ U_α/2 (two-tailed test). P is the probability of the null hypothesis.