Figure 3.
Plots of crowding effects (equation 2) and TGF-β1 activation function uT (equation 4). A: Crowding effects (kmem (t) in equation 2) contributed by myocytes, endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells. B: Crowding effects contributed by macrophages, fibroblasts, and collagen in the scar tissue. C: Total crowding effects imposed by the environment. D: TGF-β1 activation function, uT according to small scar size. Activation peak time is at day 2 post-MI with amplitude at 15 pg/μL/day.