Figure 1.

Revised Human Y Chromosome Phylogeny

The tree is based on the 146 mutations detected in the present study. Mutations are shown along the branches (indels in italics). Branch lengths are proportional to the rho estimates of the time to the MRCA (TMRCA; estimates to the left). The nodes are shown in yellow. The sequenced chromosomes are indicated at the bottom (see also Table S1). Haplogroup nomenclature follows Karafet et al.¹³ However, the revised tree required the introduction of new names for higher-order haplogroups (A1a-T and A2-T; see main text).