Table 1. Description of Baby Products Analyzed in This Study and a Summary of the Flame Retardants Detected in These Products at Concentrations >1 mg/g Foam.
flame retardant |
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product | N | purchase dates | TCEP | TCPP | TDCPP | V6 | U_OPFR | TPP | TBB/TBPHa | PentaBDE | no detectb |
car seats (n = 21) | 9 | 2002–2009 | X | ||||||||
8 | 2004–2009 | X | X | ||||||||
1 | 2000 | X | X | ||||||||
1 | 2010 | X | |||||||||
1 | 2008 | X | X | ||||||||
1 | 2007 | X | X | X | |||||||
changing table pads (n = 16) | 5 | 2006–2010 | X | ||||||||
4 | 2008–2010 | X | X | ||||||||
2 | 2005 and 2009 | X | X | ||||||||
1 | 2002 | X | X | X | |||||||
1 | 2006 | X | X | X | |||||||
1 | 2010 | X | X | X | |||||||
1 | 2010 | X | X | ||||||||
1 | 2006 | X | |||||||||
sleep positioners (n = 15) | 7 | 2004–2010 | X | ||||||||
5 | 2003–2010 | X | |||||||||
1 | 2010 | X | X | ||||||||
1 | 2010 | X | X | ||||||||
1 | 2010 | X | |||||||||
portable mattresses (n = 13) | 4 | 2004–2010 | X | X | |||||||
3 | 2006 −2008 | X | |||||||||
2 | 2005 and 2006 | X | |||||||||
1 | 2007 | X | X | ||||||||
1 | 2007 | X | X | ||||||||
1 | 2006 | X | X | ||||||||
1 | 2000 | X | |||||||||
nursing pillows (n = 11) | 9 | 2003–2008 | X | X | |||||||
1 | 2007 | X | X | X | |||||||
1 | 2010 | X | X | ||||||||
baby carriers (n = 5) | 3 | 2006–2007 | X | ||||||||
1 | 2008 | X | X | ||||||||
1 | 2008 | X | |||||||||
rocking chairs (n = 5) | 1 | 2006 | X | ||||||||
1 | 2009 | X | X | ||||||||
1 | 2003 | X | X | ||||||||
1 | 2006 | X | |||||||||
1 | 2008 | X | X | ||||||||
high chairs (n = 4) | 2 | 2005–2007 | X | ||||||||
2 | 2003–2004 | X | |||||||||
infant bath mat/sling (n = 3) | 1 | 2003 | X | ||||||||
1 | 2006 | X | X | ||||||||
1 | 2003 | X | X | X | |||||||
baby walkers | 2 | 2004–2008 | X | ||||||||
stroller | 1 | 2005 | X | ||||||||
bath toy | 1 | 2000 | X | ||||||||
car seat pillow | 1 | 2004 | X | X | |||||||
Bumbo chair | 1 | 2006 | X | ||||||||
nap mat | 1 | 2004 | X | ||||||||
toilet seat | 1 | unknown | X | ||||||||
concentration range (mg/g) | 1.08 – 5.94 | 1.11 – 14.4 | 2.4 - 124 | N/Mc | N/Mc | 1.0 −9.5 | 5.85 – 42.5 | 16.6–51.54 | |||
mean concentration (mg/g) | 5.91 | 5.49 | 39.22 | N/Mc | N/Mc | 3.80 | 18.51 | 32.27 |
The brominated compounds present in FM 550. All samples containing TBB/TBPH also contained TPP.
Infers either no detection of chemicals or peaks were unidentifiable.
N/M – indicates not measured due to absence of calibration standard.