Table 2. Demographic, Clinical, and Hospital Characteristics in Patients 65 Years or Older Classified According to Sex and Admission Yeara.
| Characteristics | Men, % (n=285 735) |
Women, % (n=270 715) |
Risk Ratios | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1994-1995 | 1996-1997 | 1998-1999 | 2000-2001 | 2002-2003 | 2004-2006 | |||
| Race other than white | 12.7 (36 200) | 13.6 (36 609) | 1.06 | 1.05 | 1.06 | 1.09 | 1.06 | 1.10 |
| Primary medical insuranceb | ||||||||
| PPO | 22.5 (64 182) | 20.1 (54 545) | 0.64 | 0.63 | 0.92 | 0.91 | 0.93 | 0.90 |
| HMO | 14.0 (40 076) | 12.0 (32 496) | 0.71 | 0.77 | 0.84 | 0.87 | 0.90 | 0.93 |
| Medicare | 80.9 (231 256) | 84.7 (229 287) | 1.05 | 1.06 | 1.05 | 1.04 | 1.04 | 1.04 |
| Medicaid | 3.5 (10 040) | 6.7 (18 205) | 1.25 | 1.40 | 2.00 | 2.06 | 1.90 | 1.88 |
| Self-pay | 1.6 (4499) | 1.3 (3488) | 0.78 | 0.70 | 0.80 | 0.86 | 0.81 | 0.82 |
| Medical history and risk factors | ||||||||
| Myocardial infarction | 31.8 (90 954) | 25.4 (68 694) | 0.79 | 0.79 | 0.81 | 0.80 | 0.80 | 0.80 |
| Angina | 18.4 (52 580) | 16.9 (45 772) | 0.98 | 0.94 | 0.93 | 0.90 | 0.90 | 0.81 |
| Heart failure | 18.0 (51 306) | 23.3 (63 043) | 1.34 | 1.33 | 1.30 | 1.28 | 1.25 | 1.29 |
| PTCA | 12.8 (36 463) | 8.1 (21 999) | 0.64 | 0.63 | 0.65 | 0.63 | 0.65 | 0.64 |
| CABG | 21.7 (62 044) | 10.5 (28 331) | 0.47 | 0.47 | 0.48 | 0.48 | 0.50 | 0.49 |
| Stroke | 12.1 (34 675) | 13.2 (35 776) | 1.06 | 1.07 | 1.08 | 1.10 | 1.09 | 1.13 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 29.2 (83 511) | 31.2 (84 444) | 1.15 | 1.11 | 1.07 | 1.05 | 1.01 | 0.99 |
| Hypertension | 56.7 (162 002) | 66.9 (181 026) | 1.23 | 1.21 | 1.19 | 1.17 | 1.15 | 1.11 |
| Ever smoked | 14.7 (41 998) | 10.9 (29 388) | 0.72 | 0.76 | 0.73 | 0.74 | 0.70 | 0.79 |
| Clinical characteristics at admission | ||||||||
| Chest pain on presentation | 69.6 (198 972) | 64.6 (174 992) | 0.96 | 0.95 | 0.93 | 0.92 | 0.90 | 0.89 |
| STEMI | 50.4 (143 911) | 51.1 (138 372) | 1.03 | 1.03 | 0.99 | 1.03 | 1.01 | 0.97 |
| Killip class | ||||||||
| 1. No heart failure | 72.9 (208 285) | 67.4 (182 530) | 0.92 | 0.92 | 0.92 | 0.93 | 0.93 | 0.94 |
| 2. Heart failure | 18.5 (52 728) | 22.0 (59 679) | 1.20 | 1.20 | 1.19 | 1.19 | 1.19 | 1.21 |
| 3. Pulmonary edema | 6.9 (19 642) | 8.7 (23 665) | 1.26 | 1.28 | 1.28 | 1.24 | 1.30 | 1.29 |
| 4. Cardiogenic shock | 1.8 (5078) | 1.8 (4840) | 1.05 | 1.11 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.94 | 0.88 |
| CK or CK-MB ≥2 times reference range, % | 72.1 (206 120) | 69.0 (186 690) | 0.97 | 0.98 | 0.96 | 0.95 | 0.93 | 0.98 |
| Ejection fraction, % | ||||||||
| ≥40% | 44.2 (126 220) | 44.3 (120 031) | 0.96 | 0.99 | 1.01 | 1.03 | 1.02 | 1.01 |
| <40% | 23.4 (66 805) | 19.4 (52 565) | 0.81 | 0.83 | 0.82 | 0.83 | 0.84 | 0.86 |
| Not assessed | 32.4 (92 710) | 36.2 (98 119) | 1.12 | 1.10 | 1.11 | 1.11 | 1.15 | 1.19 |
| Treatments in first 24 hours | ||||||||
| Aspirin | 84.0 (239 988) | 81.4 (220 256) | 0.96 | 0.97 | 0.97 | 0.97 | 0.97 | 0.97 |
| β-Blockers | 55.8 (159 495) | 54.7 (148 072) | 0.95 | 0.96 | 0.98 | 0.98 | 0.99 | 1.00 |
Abbreviations: CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; CK, creatine kinase; CK-MB, creatine kinase MB; HMO, health maintenance organization; PPO, preferred provider organization; PTCA, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty; STEMI, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.
a
Percentages do not total 100% because of missing values.
b
The numbers in parentheses do not equal the totals for “Men” and “Women” because a small category, “Other Insurance” was omitted from the Table.