Table 6. Cox Proportional Hazards Models: Predictors of Incident Heart Failure Diagnosed on an Inpatient or an Outpatient Basis.

	Model 1*		Model 2*		Model 3*
	Hazard Ratio	95% CI	Hazard Ratio	95% CI	Hazard Ratio	95% CI
Inpatients
Age, per 10-year increase	2.45	2.37–2.54	…	…	1.76	1.69–1.84
Female sex	0.92	0.83–1.02	…	…	0.96	0.86–1.07
Hypertension	18.82	16.10–22.01	7.04	5.97–8.30	4.64	3.90–5.52
Diabetes	8.18	7.34–9.13	3.77	3.37–4.21	2.41	2.16–2.70
Coronary heart disease	15.55	13.84–17.47	4.52	3.98–5.12	2.32	2.04–2.64
Atrial fibrillation	25.50	21.99–29.58	5.38	4.60–6.30	3.22	2.74–3.78
Valvular heart disease	9.88	8.50–11.48	3.42	2.93–4.00	1.74	1.48–2.04
Outpatients
Age, per 10–year increase	2.26	2.21–2.32	…	…	1.90	1.85–1.96
Female sex	0.84	0.78–0.90	…	…	0.82	0.76–0.89
Hypertension	8.61	7.89–9.40	3.25	2.95–3.57	2.68	2.42–2.96
Diabetes	4.80	4.41–5.24	2.24	2.06–2.45	1.63	1.49–1.78
Coronary heart disease	8.50	7.70–9.38	2.47	2.23–2.74	1.75	1.58–1.95
Atrial fibrillation	9.01	7.63–10.63	1.96	1.66–2.33	1.53	1.29–1.82
Valvular heart disease	3.64	3.09–4.29	1.34	1.13–1.58	0.92	0.78–1.09

CI indicates confidence interval.

Predictors of incident HF are shown separately for inpatients and outpatients.

^*Model 1 is unadjusted for any other risk factors. Model 2 is adjusted for age and sex. Model 3 is adjusted for age, sex, and all other risk factors.