Figure 2. Distribution of the HLA-A*3101 Allele across the Spectrum of Clinical Phenotypes of Case Subjects with Carbamazepine- Induced Hypersensitivity and Control Subjects without Adverse Reactions to Carbamazepine.

Subjects were recruited at centers collaborating with the University of Liverpool and Walton Centre for Neurology (UK) or centers affiliated with the EPIGEN consortium. The sample obtained from one patient with acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) was analyzed with the samples for the group of case subjects with the hypersensitivity syndrome. Since there were no observations of the HLA-A*3101 allele in the three case subjects with the hypersensitivity syndrome in the EPIGEN cohort, 0.5 was added to each value in a two-by-two contingency table to estimate an odds ratio. One patient with the Stevens–Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS–TEN) was of mixed European and Thai ancestry. Study weighting (indicated by different sizes of squares) refers to the proportion of subjects who were recruited from each study cohort. Diamonds indicate pooled odds ratios. The horizontal lines indicate 95% confidence intervals. The abbreviation df denotes degrees of freedom, and I² is the percentage of total variation that is due to heterogeneity rather than chance.