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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Jun 13.
Published in final edited form as: IEEE Int Conf Robot Autom. 2008 Jun 13;2008:2489–2495. doi: 10.1109/ROBOT.2008.4543587

Fig. 4.

Fig. 4

Mechanism design for motion in the horizontal plane. Provides for planar parallel motion; can provide both translation and rotation by actuating rear motion independently by replacing coupling link (LC) with a second cylinder. The attached needle guide provides accurate depth measurement during manual needle insertion. The modular needle guide can be replaced with different end effectors for other procedures.