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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Jun 13.
Published in final edited form as: IEEE Int Conf Robot Autom. 2008 Jun 13;2008:2489–2495. doi: 10.1109/ROBOT.2008.4543587

Table I. Kinematic Specifications.

Degree of freedom Motion Requirements
1) Gross Axial Position 1m Manual with repeatable stop
2) Vertical Motion 0-100mm Precise servo control
3) Elevation Angle +15°, −0° Precise servo control
4) Horizontal Motion ±50mm Precise servo control
5) Azimuth Angle ±15° Precise servo control
6) Needle Insertion 150mm Manual or Automated
7) Canula Retraction or Biopsy Gun Firing 60mm Manual or Automated
8) Needle Rotation 360° Manual or Automated