IFN-γ–dependent and –independent activity of NO in suppressing Foxp3 and Th17, and promoting Th1 differentiation. Naive OT-II CD4 T cells were stimulated with splenic DC and OVA peptide in the presence of TGF-β (5 ng/ml). Where indicated, SNAP (100 µM) and neutralizing Abs (20 µg/ml) to IL-12 or IFN-γ (A) or SNAP (100 μM), IL-6 (1 ng/ml), and anti–IFN-γ (20 μg/ml) (B) were added at the start of culture. Intracellular Foxp3, IFN-γ, and IL-17 were determined at day 4 after restimulation. Results are representative of three experiments.