Table 2. Association of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) colonization with demographic and clinical characteristics of patients visiting emergency department.
| Demographic and clinical data | No. (%) of subjects | Odds ratio | 95% confidence interval | p valuea | |
| MRSA(n = 19) | Non-MRSA(n = 483) | ||||
| Male | 7(36.8) | 261(54.0) | 0.496 | 0.192–1.282 | 0.141 |
| Age | |||||
| 19–29 | 0(0) | 55(11.3) | 1 | 0.939–0.976 | 0.997 |
| 30–59 | 6(31.5) | 206(42.6) | 0.621 | 0.232–1.660 | 0.342 |
| > = 60 | 13(68.4) | 222(45.9) | 2.547 | 0.952–6.813 | 0.062 |
| Education level | |||||
| Elementary school | 13(68.4) | 221(45.7) | 2.569 | 0.96–6.87 | 0.06 |
| Junior and high school | 4(21.0) | 186(38.5) | 0.426 | 0.139–1.303 | 0.124 |
| Colleagues | 2(10.5) | 76(15.7) | 0.63 | 0.143–2.783 | 0.539 |
| Low social economic status b | 17(89.4) | 419(86.7) | 1.298 | 0.293–5.753 | 0.73 |
| Smoking habit | |||||
| non-smoker | 13(68.4) | 281(58.1) | 1.558 | 0.582–4.167 | 0.378 |
| ex-smoker | 4(21.0) | 110(22.7) | 0.904 | 0.294–2.780 | 0.861 |
| current smoker | 2(10.5) | 92(19.0) | 0.5 | 0.114–2.202 | 0.36 |
| Underlying diseases | |||||
| DM | 9(47.3) | 115(23.8) | 3.174 | 1.231–8.186 | 0.017* |
| Heart disease | 4(21.0) | 99(20.4) | 1.102 | 0.355–3.423 | 0.866 |
| Hypertension | 10(52.6) | 190(39.3) | 1.914 | 0.742–4.938 | 0.179 |
| CVD | 3(15.7) | 65(13.4) | 1.28 | 0.361–4.544 | 0.703 |
| Liver disease | 2(10.5) | 77(15.9) | 0.656 | 0.148–2.910 | 0.576 |
| Biliary system disease | 0(0) | 13(2.6) | 1 | 0.946–0.98 | 0.48 |
| Asthma | 1(5.2) | 30(6.2) | 0.884 | 0.114–6.872 | 0.906 |
| COPD | 0(0) | 13(2.6) | 1 | 0.946–0.98 | 0.48 |
| Bronchiectasis | 0(0) | 7(1.4) | 1 | 0.947–0.98 | 0.606 |
| Cancer | 6(31.5) | 102(21.1) | 1.858 | 0.681–5.071 | 0.22 |
| Allergic rhinitis | 2(10.5) | 36(7.4) | 1.545 | 0.342–6.985 | 0.569 |
| CKD | 5(26.3) | 48(9.9) | 3.47 | 1.186–10.152 | 0.023* |
| Chronic seizure disease | 1(5.2) | 10(2.0) | 2.771 | 0.335–22.894 | 0.324 |
| Autoimmune disease | 0(0) | 8(1.6) | 1 | 0.945–0.979 | 0.572 |
| TB | 0(0) | 17(3.5) | 1 | 0.940–0.978 | 0.395 |
| Other risk factors | |||||
| Duration of previous hospitalization within 1 year | |||||
| Never | 8(42.1) | 292(60.4) | 0.418 | (0.165–1.061) | 0.066 |
| <7 days | 5(26.3) | 68(14.0) | 2.059 | (0.718–5.902) | 0.17 |
| >7 days | 6(31.5) | 99(20.4) | 1.683 | (0.624–4.541) | 0.299 |
| Culture during last hospitalizationc | |||||
| No | 15(78.9) | 390(80.7) | 0.692 | 0.223–2.146 | 0.524 |
| Other bacteria | 3(15.7) | 62(12.8) | 1.21 | 0.343–4.272 | 0.767 |
| S. aureus | 1(5.2) | 10(2.0) | 2.511 | 0.305–20.69 | 0.376 |
| Current usage of catheters or tubesd | 7(36.8) | 59(12.2) | 4.192 | 1.587–11.071 | 0.002* |
| Current usage of NG tubes | 1(5.3) | 1(0.2) | 1.733 | 0.217–13.850 | 0.599 |
| Current antibiotics use | 7(36.8) | 165(34.1) | 1.124 | 0.434–2.91 | 0.809 |
| Antibiotics within a year | 12(63.1) | 211(43.6) | 2.21 | 0.855–5.710 | 0.102 |
| Dialysis | 2(10.5) | 17(3.5) | 0.116 | 0.689–15.088 | 0.116 |
| Chief complaint e | |||||
| Respiratory | 1(5.2) | 78(16.1) | 0.288 | 0.038–2.192 | 0.23 |
| Gastrointestinal | 5(26.3) | 137(28.3) | 0.902 | 0.319–2.552 | 0.846 |
| Urinary | 4(21.0) | 32(6.6) | 3.758 | 1.178–11.986 | 0.017* |
| skin superficial infection | 1(5.2) | 26(5.3) | 0.976 | 0.125–7.601 | 0.982 |
| other systemic symptoms | 8(42.1) | 210(43.4) | 0.945 | 0.374–2.392 | 0.906 |
a
Fisher's exact test instead of Pearson's chi-square test was performed when any expected count was less than 5 by statistical analysis.
b
Low social economic status was defines as patients other than those with education level above senior high and a monthly income more than 50,000 NT.
c
Including wound or surgical site culture, blood culture, sputum culture, and urine culture.
d
Including Foley, port A, percutaneous drainage tubes, and catheter for dialysis.
e
The chief complaints were classified according to the systems of the body affected.