Table 6.
Key baseline characteristics of participants for all individuals and by study group
| Characteristics | n |
All (n = 82) |
n |
Intervention (n = 42) |
n |
Control (n = 40) |
p value (I vs. C) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristics | |||||||
| Age (yrs) | 82 | 63 [57 - 67] | 42 | 65 [55 - 68] | 40 | 62 [58 - 67] | p = 0.831 |
| Sex: Male | 82 | 36 (43.9) | 42 | 21 (50.0) | 40 | 15 (37.5) | p = 0.359 |
| Ethnicity: | 82 | 42 | 40 | p = 0.268 | |||
| South Asian | 18 (22.0) | 11 (26.2) | 7 (17.5) | ||||
| White | 62 (75.6) | 31 (73.8) | 31 (77.5) | ||||
| Other | 2 (2.4) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (5.0) | ||||
| IMD score (2007) | 82 | 19.50 [14.04 - 33.74] | 42 | 21.49 [14.04 - 21.49] | 40 | 18.59 [13.55 - 32.96] | p = 0.344 |
| NS-SEC-5 class: | 82 | 42 | 40 | p = 0.708 | |||
| 1 | 17 (20.7) | 9 (21.4) | 8 (20.0) | ||||
| 2 | 19 (23.2) | 7 (16.7) | 12 (30.0) | ||||
| 3 | 10 (12.2) | 6 (14.3) | 4 (10.0) | ||||
| 4 | 15 (18.3) | 8 (19.0) | 7 (17.5) | ||||
| 5 | 21 (25.6) | 12 (28.6) | 9 (22.5) | ||||
| Measures related to MetS | |||||||
| Waist circumference(cm) | 82 | 105.5 ± 10.8 | 42 | 103.9 ± 10.2 | 40 | 107.2 ± 11.2 | p = 0.161 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 82 | 132.4 ± 15.4 | 42 | 134.9 ± 13.2 | 40 | 129.8 ± 17.3 | p = 0.139 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 82 | 85.9 ± 9.5 | 42 | 85.6 ± 9.7 | 40 | 86.1 ± 9.5 | p = 0.803 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 82 | 1.20 [1.00 - 1.50] | 42 | 1.20 [1.00 - 1.53] | 40 | 1.20 [1.03 - 1.48] | p = 0.367 |
| Triglycerides(mmol/l) | 82 | 1.60 [1.20 - 2.00] | 42 | 1.45 [0.98 - 1.93] | 40 | 1.60 [1.40 - 2.08] | p = 0.112 |
| FPG (mmol/l) | 82 | 5.21 ± 0.56 | 42 | 5.23 ± 0.44 | 40 | 5.19 ± 0.66 | p = 0.714 |
| Proportion meeting IDF criteria for: | |||||||
| BP | 82 | 73 (89.0) | 42 | 37 (88.1) | 40 | 36 (90.0) | p = 1.000 |
| FPG | 82 | 22 (26.8) | 42 | 12 (28.6) | 40 | 10 (25.0) | p = 0.908 |
| HDL | 82 | 72 (87.8) | 42 | 35 (83.3) | 40 | 37 (92.5) | p = 0.313 |
| Triglycerides | 82 | 67 (81.7) | 42 | 35 (83.3) | 40 | 32 (80.0) | p = 0.917 |
| Total n° of IDF criteria met: | 82 | 42 | 40 | p = 0.924 | |||
| 3 | 25 (30.5) | 13 (31.0) | 12 (30.0) | ||||
| 4 | 44 (53.7) | 23 (54.8) | 21 (52.5) | ||||
| 5 | 13 (15.9) | 6 (14.3) | 7 (17.5) | ||||
| Other bio-medical measures | |||||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 82 | 30.2 [28.1 - 33.1] | 42 | 29.3 [27.8 - 32.2] | 40 | 30.9 [28.8 - 34.1] | p = 0.140 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 82 | 4.99 ± 0.86 | 42 | 4.82 ± 0.77 | 40 | 5.17 ± 0.93 | p = 0.067 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 80 | 2.92 ± 0.74 | 42 | 2.80 ± 0.68 | 38 | 3.05 ± 0.80 | p = 0.126 |
| HbA1c (mmol/l) | 80 | 42.0 [40.0 - 43.0] | 40 | 41.0 [39.0 - 42.8] | 40 | 42.5 [40.0 - 44.0] | p = 0.179 |
| 2 hour glucose (mmol/l) | 81 | 5.80 ± 1.65 | 41 | 5.65 ± 1.43 | 40 | 5.95 ± 1.85 | p = 0.419 |
| Lifestyle & well being | |||||||
| Current smoker: yes | 82 | 10 (12.2) | 42 | 4 (9.5) | 40 | 6 (15.0) | p = 0.514 |
| Fruit & vegetables (portions/day) | 82 | 3.0 [2.0 - 4.0] | 42 | 3.0 [2.0 - 4.0] | 40 | 3.0 [2.0 - 5.0] | p = 0.429 |
| Pedometer counts (av steps/day) | 72 | 5762 [3365 - 8592] | 39 | 6829 [3224 - 8596] | 33 | 4774 [3522 - 8653] | p = 0.705 |
| EQ-5D score | 82 | 0.80 [0.72 - 1.00] | 42 | 0.80 [0.73 - 1.00] | 40 | 0.76 [0.69 - 1.00] | p = 0.293 |
| EQ-5D VAS | 81 | 80.0 [70.0 - 90.0] | 41 | 80.0 [70.0 - 90.0] | 40 | 80.0 [ 61.3 - 90.8] | p = 0.420 |
Parametric continuous data are expressed as mean ± S.D; nonparametric continuous data as median [IQR]; categorical data as number (%).
Other ethnicity category: 1 Caribbean Indian, 1 mixed Caribbean/White British. NS-SEC-5 class: 1 (Managerial & professional occupations); 2 (Intermediate occupations); 3 (Small employers & own account workers); 4 (Lower supervisory & technical occupations); 5 (Semi-routine & routine occupations).
IMD score: greater scores indicate a higher level of deprivation.
Abbreviations: IMD (Index of Multiple Deprivation); NS-SEC (National Statistics Socio-economic Classification); BP (blood pressure); HDL (high density lipoprotein cholesterol); FPG (fasting plasma glucose); IDF (International Diabetes Federation); BMI (body mass index); LDL (low density lipoprotein ); HbA1c (glycated haemoglobin); EQ-5D (EuroQol EQ-5D); VAS (visual analogue scale).