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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2010 Dec 28;126(1-2):26–34. doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2010.12.012

Figure 4. ART alters estrogenic hormone levels in the murine maternal-placental-fetal unit.

Figure 4

A-C) ART affects estrone levels in the placenta and fetal livers. D-F) ART raises estradiol in the placenta and fetal livers. * = P < 0.05, ** = P < 0.01, *** = P < 0.001 vs. normal reproduction except where indicated by a line, then significance is between indicated bars. Bars are means ± SD for maternal livers, n = 3 each. Bars are means ± SEM for placentas (n = 20, n = 29 and n = 21 normal reproduction, IVF and ICSI, respectively) and fetal livers (n = 26, n = 35 and n = 25 for normal reproduction, IVF and ICSI, respectively). Where there are less placentas and fetal liver tested for estrogenic hormones than those produced, this was due to sample processing and loss.