Downregulation of Hopx expression in response to hypertrophic stimuli in vitro and in vivo: (A-C) Hopx or Nppa transcripts were detected by qRT-PCR from cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes treated with or without isoproterenol or angiotensin II for 48 hours (mean ± SEM, n=3). Gapdh serves as control. (D-E) Transcripts for Hopx and Nppa were detected in adult mice hearts at day 0, 3, 7, 14, and 21 after sham (n=3) or TAC (n=3) surgery by qRT-PCR.