Table 2.
Adjusted logistic regression of correlates of prescription opioid abuse, dependence, and remission among lifetime nonmedical prescription opioid users by gender and history of substance abuse treatment status in the 2001–2002 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions
| Characteristic | Adjusted multinomial logistic regression (n = 1815) | Adjusted logistic regression model (n = 453) | Adjusted logistic regression model (n = 131) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
||||
| Prescription opioid abusea | Prescription opioid dependence | Remission from prescription opioid abuseb | Remission from prescription opioid dependence | |
|
|
||||
| AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | |
| Age in years | ||||
| 18–34 | 0.90 (0.62–1.30) | 0.70 (0.40–1.21) | 0.59 (0.30–1.17) | 0.27 (0.08–0.91) |
| 35–44 | 1.17 (0.83–1.64) | 0.70 (0.36–1.35) | 0.85 (0.40–1.82) | 0.35 (0.12–1.07) |
| 45+ | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 1.67 (1.24–2.274)c | 0.86 (0.54–1.36) | 1.40 (0.77–2.55) | 0.42 (0.14–1.22) |
| Female | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| White | 1.42 (0.87–2.32) | 1.04 (0.48–2.26) | 1.62 (0.69–3.80) | 1.47 (0.22–9.66) |
| Black | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Hispanic | 1.39 (0.77–2.50) | 0.97 (0.29–3.19) | 0.72 (0.25–2.04) | 1.18 (0.08–17.89) |
| Other | 2.11 (0.92–4.83) | 2.40 (0.96–5.99) | 0.77 (0.31–1.91) | 1.21 (0.15–9.95) |
| Educational level | ||||
| Less than high school | 1.21 (0.76–1.92) | 2.17 (1.16–4.06)c | 2.19 (1.07–4.50)c | 0.40 (0.12–1.31) |
| High school | 1.26 (0.91–1.75) | 1.10 (0.60–2.01) | 0.88 (0.53–1.47) | 1.89 (0.50–7.12) |
| College or more | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Family income | ||||
| <$35,000 | 1.32 (0.85–2.04) | 1.83 (0.96–3.93) | 0.62 (0.27–1.42) | 1.59 (0.40–6.26) |
| $35,000–$69,999 | 1.26 (0.83–1.91) | 1.01 (0.44–2.31) | 0.86 (0.34–2.15) | 1.11 (0.24–5.16) |
| $70,000+ | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Lifetime substance abuse treatment | ||||
| Yes | 2.35 (1.73–3.18)c | 6.80 (3.96–11.66)c | 1.40 (0.79–2.49) | 0.79 (0.32–1.95) |
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Family history of substance abuse | ||||
| Yes | 1.75 (1.20–2.55)c | 1.54 (0.82–2.89) | 1.80 (0.89–3.61) | 1.15 (0.40–3.29) |
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Notes:
a
Abuse without dependence;
b
any abuse regardless of dependence status;
c
P < 0.05.
Abbreviations: AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.