TABLE 1.
Characteristics of participants: the RISC study
| Men | Women | |
|---|---|---|
| n | 586 | 723 |
| Age (years) | 43 (8) | 44 (8) |
| Current smoker | 162 (28%) | 179 (25%) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.4 (3.5) | 24.8 (4.3) |
| Physical activity (MET-min ⋅ week−1) | 2,212 (960–4,657) | 2,133 (990–4,830) |
| Alcohol intake (g ⋅ week−1) | 74 (30–144) | 30 (11–65) |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 93 (10) | 81 (12) |
| Fasting glucose (mmol ⋅ L−1) | 5.3 (0.8) | 4.9 (0.6) |
| 2-h Glycemia (mmol ⋅ L−1) | 5.7 (1.5) | 5.8 (1.5) |
| Fasting insulin (pmol ⋅ L−1) | 37.0 (20.0) | 33.7 (19.1) |
| Fasting glucagon (pmol ⋅ L−1) | 10 (7–12) | 8 (6–9) |
| Adiponectin (mg ⋅ L−1) | 5.97 (4.62–7.77) | 9.35 (7.17–12.18) |
| GGT (UI ⋅ L−1) | 26 (18–34) | 17 (12–21) |
| ALT (UI ⋅ L−1) | 22 (16–28) | 15 (11–18) |
| M/I (μmol ⋅ min−1 ⋅ kg FFM−1 ⋅ [nmol ⋅ L−1]−1) | 111.4 (80.0–151.0) | 144.6 (107.2–189.6) |
| Hepatic insulin resistance index (pmol ⋅ L−1 ⋅ mmol ⋅ min−1 ⋅ kg FFM−1)* | 0.38 (0.26–0.55) | 0.42 (0.28–0.62) |
| Basal insulin secretion rate (pmol/min per m2) | 74.2 (55.6–97.8) | 66.8 (52.0–86.5) |
| Total insulin secretion rate during OGTT (nmol/m2) | 39.4 (31.5–49.6) | 39.4 (32.2–48.4) |
| Endogenous clearance of insulin during OGTT (L/min per m2) | 1.57 (1.22–1.87) | 1.63 (1.30–2.00) |
| Hepatic insulin extraction during OGTT (dimensionless) | 0.61 (0.51–0.69) | 0.62 (0.54–0.70) |
Data are means (SD) or median (1st–3rd quartile) unless otherwise indicated.
*Calculated in 393 individuals.