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. 2011 May 21;60(6):1770–1778. doi: 10.2337/db10-0351

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© 2011 by the American Diabetes Association.

Readers may use this article as long as the work is properly cited, the use is educational and not for profit, and the work is not altered. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ for details.

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FIG. 4. — Metformin (Met) prevents cardiac dysfunction in diabetic mice. A–F: Echocardiographic assessment of cardiac function as described in research design and methods. All measurements were determined in a short-axis view at the level of the papillary muscles. Representative images of M-mode echocardiography (A) and mitral valvular inflows show E wave and A wave (B). C: Ejection fraction. D: Percentage of fractional shortage as LV contractile function. E: LV end-systolic diameter. F: Diastolic filling as assessed by E/A ratio (E wave: LV early-filling wave; A wave: filling from atrial contraction). Values represent mean ± SEM. FVB, n = 11; OVE26, n = 8; metformin-treated OVE26, n = 6. ♣P < 0.05 vs. FVB; †P < 0.05 vs. OVE26. G: Analysis of LV-developed pressure vs. volume. The developed pressure was depressed in OVE26 mice, which was prevented by metformin. Metformin improved LV dp/dt_max (H) and dp/dt_min (I) in OVE26 mice. Results shown are mean ± SEM. ♣P < 0.05 vs. OVE26. FVB, n = 6; OVE26, n = 5; metformin-treated OVE26 mice, n = 5. (A high-quality color representation of this figure is available in the online issue.)