Table 4.
Whole-brain analyses, language tasks
| Description | Hemis | Coord | t | Nodes |
| A. LISTEN | ||||
| Transverse gyrus, extending anteriorly into the anterior STG, and caudally into the planum temporale, posterior STG, dorsally into the parietal operculum, and medially into the insula. | Left | −52 −13 3 | 7.58 | 5649 |
| Ventral precentral gyrus, extending caudally into the central sulcus and postcentral gyrus. | −55 −7 12 | 5.62 | 1201 | |
| Posterior STS | −57 −32 2 | 5.65 | 954 | |
| Medial frontal gyrus (pre-SMA) | −6 6 66 | 4.43 | 774 | |
| Ventral Precentral gyrus. | −43 −8 46 | 4.60 | 433 | |
| Posterior MTG and STS. | −62 −48 3 | 4.21 | 370 | |
| Transverse gyrus, extending anteriorly into the anterior STG, and caudally into the planum temporale, posterior STG, and medially into the insula. | Right | 57 −10 0 | 8.28 | 3599 |
| Posterior STS. | 56 −31 3 | 7.30 | 1843 | |
| Ventral Precentral gyrus. | 51 −4 8 | 4.65 | 504 | |
| B. REPEAT | ||||
| Transverse gyrus, extending anteriorly into the anterior STG, and caudally into the planum temporale and posterior STG and STS. | Left | −38 −29 12 | 11.58 | 12 000 |
| Ventral precentral gyrus, extending caudally into the central sulcus and postcentral gyrus, and anteriorly into the precentral sulcus, inferior frontal gyrus, including both pars opercularis and triangularis. | −45 −8 38 | 12.36 | 10 088 | |
| Lingual gyrus, cuneus, middle occipital gyrus, inferior occipital gyrus, and fusiform gyrus. | −11 −98 −7 | 9.01 | 4857 | |
| Medial frontal gyrus (pre-SMA, SMA), and anterior cingulate gyrus. | −8 16 40 | 10.39 | 4640 | |
| Dorsal Precentral gyrus, extending into the central sulcus and the postcentral gyrus. | −17 −24 59 | 9.81 | 2836 | |
| Lateral occipito-temporal sulcus, extending medially into the fusiform gyrus. | −43 −48 −11 | 7.27 | 1273 | |
| Superior parietal lobule, IPS, precuneus. | −17 −67 45 | 7.06 | 2000 | |
| Body of the calcarine sulcus, extending dorsally into the cuneus. | −17 −73 11 | 5.42 | 1064 | |
| Inferior frontal gyrus, pars orbitalis | −49 34 3 | 10.25 | 1804 | |
| Midbrain | −1 −20 7 | 8.27 | 820 | |
| Posterior cingulate gyrus and sulcus. | −4 −6 39 | 6.90 | 638 | |
| Inferior frontal gyrus, pars orbitalis. | −42 33 −9 | 6.36 | 498 | |
| Posterior cingulate gyrus. | −5 −37 25 | 5.22 | 547 | |
| Paracentral lobule. | −8 −38 60 | 6.44 | 529 | |
| Anterior calcarine sulcus. | −19 −51 3 | 6.66 | 336 | |
| Precuneus, extending anteriorly into the occipitoparietal sulcus. | −9 −87 37 | 5.78 | 363 | |
| Cingulate sulcus/Medial frontal gyrus (SMA). | −8 −18 48 | 5.35 | 172 | |
| Ventral precentral gyrus, extending caudally into the central sulcus and postcentral gyrus, and anteriorly into the inferior frontal gyrus, pars opercularis, and triangularis. The cluster also extends ventrally into the insula, and posterior STG, transverse temporal gyrus and runs anteriorly along the STG and STS. | Right | 60 −7 23 | 12.56 | 23 556 |
| Posterior collateral sulcus, occipital gyrus, extending caudally into the fusiform gyrus, laterally into the lateral occipitoparietal sulcus, and anteriorly and dorsally into the inferior and medial occipital gyri and occipital pole. | 22 −88 −7 | 10.31 | 6407 | |
| Medial frontal gyrus (SMA and pre-SMA), extending ventrally into the cingulate sulcus and gyrus. | 6 6 63 | 12.40 | 6445 | |
| Dorsal postcentral gyrus, extending anteriorly into the dorsal central sulcus and gyrus. | 22 −28 66 | 12.29 | 4500 | |
| Calcarine sulcus (body and anterior), and cuneus. | 13 −67 10 | 6.74 | 1352 | |
| Superior and inferior segment of the IPS, and superior parietal lobule. | 28 −63 49 | 6.84 | 1198 | |
| Posterior thalamus. | 6 −27 1 | 6.73 | 705 | |
| Parieto-occipital sulcus, extending dorsally into the superior occipital gyrus. | 16 −78 34 | 6.17 | 918 | |
| Intraoccipital sulcus and superior occipital gyrus. | 35 −77 25 | 5.78 | 256 | |
| Lingual gyrus, extending into the body of the calcarine sulcus. | 5 −80 3 | 5.63 | 181 | |
| Middle frontal gyrus and superior frontal sulcus. | 37 35 30 | 6.85 | 214 | |
| Inferior frontal gyrus, pars triangularis. | 50 29 1 | 5.55 | 321 | |
| C. GENERATE | ||||
| Lingual gyrus, cuneus, middle occipital gyrus, fusiform gyrus, lateral occipito-temporal sulcus and inferior temporal gyrus, extending anteriorly into the supramarginal gyrus, and more dorsally into the IPS and superior parietal lobule. | Left | −2 −79 1 | 12.78 | 36 469 |
| Ventral central sulcus, extending caudally into the postcentral gyrus, and dorsally and medially into the medial frontal gyrus (SMA, pre-SMA) and anterior cingulate, and anteriorly into the Precentral gyrus and inferior frontal gyrus, including both pars opercularis and triangularis. | −43 −17 36 | 12.63 | 24 100 | |
| Transverse gyrus, extending anteriorly into the anterior STG, and caudally into the planum temporale | −49 −20 5 | 13.47 | 4387 | |
| Posterior midbrain. | −6 −26 −5 | 9.83 | 1992 | |
| Posterior STG and sulcus. | −54 −39 −6 | 7.95 | 1545 | |
| Dorsal Precentral gyrus and central sulcus. | −16 −25 59 | 8.53 | 913 | |
| Posterior cingulate gyrus. | −4 −31 29 | 6.55 | 1162 | |
| Posterior cingulate sulcus. | −10 −22 36 | 5.89 | 673 | |
| Postcentral gyrus. | −21 −32 62 | 6.48 | 555 | |
| Entorhinal cortex, extending laterally into the anterior inferior temporal gyrus. | −30 −1 −38 | 6.06 | 273 | |
| Insula. | −32 −7 15 | 5.28 | 238 | |
| Inferior occipital sulcus, fusiform gyrus, collateral sulcus, extending dorsally into the lingual gyrus, calcarine fissure, cuneus, parieto-occipital sulcus and lateral occipito-temporal sulcus. The cluster also extends onto the lateral surface including the intraoccipital fissure, middle and superior occipital gyri and superior parietal lobe. | Right | 45 −61 −10 | 14.59 | 34 464 |
| Anterior cingulate sulcus and gyrus, extending dorsally into the medial frontal gyrus (Pre-SMA and SMA), and laterally onto the dorsal superior frontal gyrus and sulcus, precentral sulcus, ventral precentral gyrus, central sulcus and postcentral sulcus, and inferior frontal gyrus, pars opercularis. | 10 15 33 | 13.90 | 13 881 | |
| Transverse temporal gyrus, planum temporale, posterior STG and STS. | 55 −10 1 | 8.90 | 7524 | |
| Anterior insula, inferior frontal gyrus, pars orbitalis, and orbital gyrus. | 31 17 4 | 8.62 | 1890 | |
| Posterior thalamus. | 10 −26 8 | 11.18 | 1425 | |
| Dorsal postcentral gyrus, central sulcus and precentral gyrus. | 20 −29 63 | 6.78 | 965 | |
| Posterior cingulate gyrus. | 6 −31 29 | 6.39 | 680 | |
| Inferior frontal gyrus, pars triangularis. | 47 13 1 | 7.02 | 464 | |
| Posterior cingulate sulcus. | 11 −13 38 | 5.46 | 443 | |
| Insula. | 34 −4 14 | 7.36 | 209 | |
| Paracentral lobule. | 10 −36 61 | 5.15 | 206 | |
| Parahippocampal gyrus. | 26 −3 −36 | 4.64 | 197 | |
Note: List of all significant clusters for sentence listening compared against a resting baseline (A), sentence repetition compared against a resting baseline (B) and sentence generation generate compared against a resting baseline (C). Legend: Hemis, Hemisphere; Coord, Talairach coordinates (x y z); t = t-value of the local maximum, corrected for multiple comparison using permutation; Nodes, number of nodes in cluster.