Table 6. Overall reversible complications due to percutaneous treatment of hydatid cysts.

Reversible complications	No. of cases	% of treated hydatid cysts (n = 5517)	% of percutaneous treatment procedures (n = 5943)
Reversible severe anaphylactic reaction	4	0.07	0.07
Reversible moderate anaphylactic reaction	7	0.13	0.12
Reversible mild/minor anaphylactic reaction	7	0.13	0.12
Reversible anaphylactic reaction not specified	15	0.27	0.25
Allergic skin reaction (urticaria, rash, pruritus)	66	1.20	1.11
“Fever & urticaria”	x *	-	-
Hypotensive reaction	15	0.27	0.25
Fever	111	2.01	1.87
Vaso-vagal reaction	1	0.02	0.02
Nausea & vomiting	1	0.02	0.02
Cavity infection/abscess	60	1.09	1.01
Biliary fistula/leakage/rupture	427	7.74	7.18
Persisting drainage †	2	0.04	0.03
Peritoneal leakage	2	0.04	0.03
Subcapsular haematoma	6	0.11	0.10
Intracystic bleeding	1	0.02	0.02
Gallbladder haemorrhage	1	0.02	0.02
Active arterial haemorrhage ‡	1	0.02	0.02
Right-sided pleural effusion	13	0.24	0.22
Pneumothorax	2	0.04	0.03
Transient hypernatraemia §	2	0.04	0.03
Non-classified reversible complication	33	0.60	0.56
Total	777	14.12	13.08

*“no complications were observed except…fever and urticaria”, no figures given (Zerem et al., 2005 [10 cases of percutaneous treated spleen hydatid cysts]).

†: “Persisting drainage of serous fluid … was treated by keeping the drainage catheter in place until cessation of drainage (range 2–30 d)” (Men et al., 1999).

‡: Parenchymal liver laceration with active arterial haemorrhage from a branch of the right hepatic artery and the need for endovascular and surgical intervention (Loutfi et al., 2008).

§: Due to the usage of hypertonic saline as scolecidal agent (Haddad et al., 2000).