Table 1.
Characteristics of study participants.
| Exposure
|
Income status
|
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Indirect (n = 71) | Direct (n = 23) | p-Value | Stable (n = 47) | Loss (n = 47) | p-Value |
| Sex (male)a | 35 (49) | 22 (96) | 0.00 | 32 (68) | 23 (53) | 0.14 |
| Ageb | 48.99 ± 16.45 | 41.91 ±11.16 | 0.02 | 49.32 ±16.92 | 45.19 ±13.97 | 0.20 |
| Range | 19–88 | 22–63 | 19–88 | 22–79 | ||
| Educationb | 12.39 ± 3.05 | 10.52 ± 1.86 | 0.01 | 12.26 ± 3.21 | 11.59 ± 2.56 | 0.27 |
| Range | 5–20 | 8–13 | 5–20 | 5–18 | ||
| Raceb | NA | NA | 0.31 | NA | NA | 0.40 |
| Caucasian | 64 (90) | 22 (100) | NA | 41 (89) | 45 (96) | NA |
| African American | 6 (9) | 0 (0) | NA | 4 (9) | 2 (4) | NA |
| Native American | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | NA | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | NA |
| Occupationa | NA | NA | 0.00 | NA | NA | 0.35 |
| Fishing | 26 (38) | 20 (87) | NA | 22 (47) | 24 (53) | NA |
| Service/tourism | 15 (22) | 1 (4) | NA | 7 (15) | 9 (20) | NA |
| Retired | 7 (10) | 0 (0) | NA | 5 (11) | 2 (4) | NA |
| Relative of fish industry | 2 (3) | 0 (0) | NA | 0 (0) | 2 (4) | |
| Other | 18 (27) | 2 (9) | NA | 12 (26) | 8 (18) | NA |
| Economic lossa | 39 (55) | 8 (35) | 0.09 | NA | NA | NA |
| Spill cleanup participanta | 1 (1) | 16 (70) | 0.00 | 9 (19) | 8 (17) | 0.79 |
| Psychiatric historya | ||||||
| Depression | 5 (7) | 1 (4) | 0.65 | 1 (2) | 5 (11) | 0.09 |
| Anxiety | 4 (6) | 2 (9) | 0.60 | 4 (9) | 2 (4) | 0.40 |
| Alcohol problema,c | 4 (10) | 2 (9) | 0.89 | 4 (13) | 2 (4) | 0.39 |
NA, not applicable. All characteristics are reported as frequencies (percentages) except for age and education, which are reported as mean ± SD.
a
Probability associated with a chi-square test (two-tailed distribution).
b
Probability associated with an independent samples t-test (two-tailed distribution).
c
Potential alcohol problem was determined by using the criteria from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism.