Table 2.

Long-term PM exposure and outcomes (mean ± SD) averaged across all sites and by individual site for participants included in the analyses (n = 3,996): MESA, 2000–2002.

Outcome	Pooled	Winston-Salem	New York City	Baltimore	St. Paul	Chicago	Los Angeles
Arterial stiffness outcomes	n = 3,996	n = 720	n = 575	n = 560	n = 705	n = 753	n = 683
YM (mmHg/cm)	1277.5 ± 637.7	1221.5 ± 643.82	1364.9 ± 748.89	1263.9 ± 619.93	1197.8 ± 430.23	1341.4 ± 538.37	1285.9 ± 791.34
C2 (mL/mmHg × 10)	13.51 ± 5.44	13.63 ± 5.48	13.48 ± 4.96	12.30 ± 5.02	13.71 ± 5.06	14.47 ± 6.00	13.16 ± 5.61
C1 (mL/mmHg × 100)	4.54 ± 2.80	4.14 ± 2.52	4.37 ± 2.68	4.37 ± 2.58	5.55 ± 3.08	4.57 ± 2.92	4.17 ± 2.68
PM exposures in preceding 20 years (average)
Observed PM10a	34.21 ± 7.07	28.43 ± 1.90	31.52 ± 3.10	32.82 ± 1.31	29.41 ± 2.60	35.00 ± 2.57	47.78 ± 3.65
Imputed PM10b	33.84 ± 7.10	28.56 ± 1.74	32.28 ± 2.04	31.82 ± 1.41	27.17 ± 2.39	35.79 ± 2.78	47.10 ± 3.43
Imputed PM2.5b	21.47 ± 5.00	19.04 ± 2.58	21.67 ± 2.86	22.56 ± 2.52	15.12 ± 2.84	23.82 ± 3.29	26.94 ± 4.72
PM exposures in 2001 (yearly average)c
PM10	29.73 ± 7.63	22.87 ± 1.16	26.34 ± 7.88	25.72 ± 2.45	28.95 ± 2.60	30.38 ± 3.57	43.20 ± 2.48
PM2.5	16.80 ± 3.90	15.25 ± 0.68	15.73 ± 1.11	15.66 ± 0.95	12.81 ± 0.75	17.06 ± 1.01	24.09 ± 3.28

^aAverage AUC of observed PM₁₀ from nearest monitor for previous 20 years.

^bMean of 40 imputed values from space–time model.

^cYearly average PM from nearest monitor during 2001.