Table 2.
Adjusted hazard ratios of risk for all-cause dementia according to histamine 2 receptor antagonist exposure
| Exposure at End of Follow-up* | Events | Minimally Adjusted† | Fully Adjusted‡, § | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | P value | ||
| Exposure 1: Total cumulative use | ||||||||
| SDD > 1080 | 301 | 10.3 | 59 | 1.37 | 1.04–1.81 | 1.28 | 0.95–1.72 | 0.35 |
| 540 < SDD ≤ 1080 | 157 | 5.4 | 33 | 1.09 | 0.77–1.56 | 1.01 | 0.69–1.48 | |
| 180 < SDD ≤ 540 | 306 | 10.5 | 66 | 1.28 | 0.99– 1.66 | 1.19 | 0.89–1.57 | |
| 30 < SDD ≤ 180 | 517 | 17.7 | 87 | 0.97 | 0.77–1.23 | 0.93 | 0.72–1.20 | |
| SDD ≤ 30 | 1,642 | 56.2 | 340 | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | |
| Exposure 2: Highest intensity in 2-yr period | ||||||||
| SDD > 540 | 276 | 9.4 | 50 | 1.20 | 0.89– 1.63 | 1.09 | 0.79–1.52 | 0.39 |
| 180 < SDD ≤ 540 | 381 | 13.0 | 87 | 1.29 | 1.01–1.65 | 1.21 | 0.93–1.58 | |
| 30 < SDD ≤ 180 | 573 | 19.6 | 100 | 0.97 | 0.76–1.24 | 0.94 | 0.73–1.21 | |
| SDD ≤ 30 | 1,693 | 57.9 | 348 | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | |
| Exposure 3: Distant use/Recent Use | ||||||||
| High/High | 186 | 6.4 | 32 | 1.01 | 0.71–1.45 | 0.92 | 0.62–1.35 | 0.11 |
| High/Moderate | 54 | 1.8 | 18 | 2.50 | 1.57–3.98 | 2.25 | 1.34–3.77 | |
| High/Low | 163 | 5.6 | 30 | 1.42 | 0.97–2.08 | 1.37 | 0.91–2.06 | |
| Moderate/High | 74 | 2.5 | 22 | 1.32 | 0.86–2.04 | 1.25 | 0.79–1.97 | |
| Moderate/Moderate | 115 | 3.9 | 24 | 1.20 | 0.79–1.83 | 1.14 | 0.73–1.76 | |
| Moderate/Low | 552 | 18.9 | 92 | 0.98 | 0.78–1.24 | 0.96 | 0.76–1.23 | |
| Low/High | 39 | 1.3 | 6 | 0.94 | 0.43–2.05 | 0.88 | 0.38–2.06 | |
| Low/Moderate | 83 | 2.8 | 19 | 1.30 | 0.83–2.04 | 1.16 | 0.69–1.94 | |
| Low/Low | 1,657 | 56.7 | 342 | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | |
SDD Standardized daily dose; HR hazard ratio; CI confidence intervals
Distant Use: High (SDD>540); Moderate (30<SDD≤ 540); Low (SDD≤30)
Recent Use: High (SDD>180); Moderate (30<SDD≤ 180); Low (SDD≤30)
This column displays the number of people exposed to H2RA at end of follow-up for each participant.
Adjusted for age (via the time scale), ACT cohort
Adjusted for age (via the time scale), ACT cohort, gender, education, time-varying use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), time-varying measures of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, coronary heart disease, pulmonary disease, regular exercise, and self-reported health, and baseline body mass index
P-value for omnibus test for overall association with histamine 2 receptor antagonist use