Figure 1. Al sensitivity in the pmc1 mutant.

(A) Growth properties of the wild-type (wt) strain and pmc1 and vcx1 mutants under Ca and Al stresses. (B) Comparison of growth (OD₆₀₀) between wt and pmc1 mutant yeast strains incubated in liquid 1/2 SD/Gal-Raf/-Ura medium containing a series of doses of CaCl₂ or AlCl₃ for 24 h. Relative OD₆₀₀ measurements were calculated as the OD₆₀₀ of treated cells divided by the OD₆₀₀ of untreated cells. The value of untreated strains was set at 100%. (C) Yeast wt and pmc1 strains were incubated in liquid 1/2 SD/Gal-Raf/-Ura medium with or without 1 mM AlCl₃. The cell densities (OD₆₀₀ values) were determined at 3-h intervals over a 30-h period. (D) Comparison of Al-induced PCD between wt and pmc1 mutant by TUNEL. No TUNEL signal was detected in the absence of Al treatment