. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Dec 1.

Published in final edited form as: Patient Educ Couns. 2011 Feb 5;85(3):383–389. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2011.01.010

Table 2.

Baseline Characteristics of the Study Population (N=85)

Characteristics	Empowerment Intervention Arm (n=44)	Traditional Education Arm (n=41)	P-Value
Age, mean (SD)	64.6 (7.3)	63.6 (7.7)	0.57
Race, number (%)
White	22 (50%)	17 (41%)
African American	13 (30%)	14 (34%)	0.54
Hispanic or Latino	6 (13%)	9 (22%)
Other	3 (7%)	1 (3%)
Deyo Score, mean (SD)	2.98 (2.3)	3.66 (3.1)	0.25
Baseline Hemoglobin A₁C, mean (SD)	8.53 (1.20)	8.65 (1.23)	0.67
Education Level, number (%)
≤ High School	12 (27.3%)	10 (24.4%)	0.76
> Some College/Trade School	32 (72.7%)	31 (75.6%)
Attended Session, number (%)	34 (77%)	35 (85%)	0.34
Knowledge and Understanding of Diabetes^*, mean (SD)	3.1 (.85)	2.9 (1.0)	0.54
How Much Diabetes Interferes with Daily Life^†, mean (SD)	2.5 (.77)	2.7 (.88)	0.36

Diabetes Care Profile, section 4, (13-item subscale, scale range 1–5 [Higher score indicates greater knowledge])

^†

Diabetes Care Profile, section 7 (14-items subscale, scale range 1–5 [Higher score indicates more interference])