Table 1.

Cytokine, chemokine, and growth factor levels in galectin 3–stimulated and unstimulated RA synovial and skin fibroblasts^*

	Analyte concentration, pg/ml
	RA synovial fibroblasts		RA skin fibroblasts
	Unstimulated	Galectin 3–stimulated	Unstimulated	Galectin 3–stimulated
bFGF	<10	<10	<10	<10
G-CSF	–	–	–	–
VEGF	10.1–50	50.1–100	–	<10
IFNγ	–	–	–	–
IFNα	–	–	–	–
IL-1β	<10	<10	<10	<10
CCL4	<10	10.1–50	<10	<10
CXCL1	<10	10.1–50	–	<10
CXCL9	10.1–50	10.1–50	10.1–50	10.1–50
CXCL10	–	<10	–	–
MMP-9	<10	<10	<10	<10
MMP-13	–	–	–	–

^*Supernatants from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial fibroblasts were cultured in medium alone (unstimulated) or with 10 μg/ml of galectin 3, and were assayed by multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for cytokines and chemokines, and by ELISA for IL-6 (lower detection limit 15 pg/ml). Duplicate wells for each sample were analyzed. Values are those obtained after background levels were subtracted. bFGF = basic fibroblast growth factor; G-CSF = granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; – = undetectable or <1 pg/ml; VEGF = vascular endothelial growth factor; IFNγ = interferon-γ; MMP-9 = matrix metalloproteinase 9.