Table 2.
Asthma-related measures and medical resource use of the initiation and step-up populations during the baseline year
|
Initiation population (N = 56,347) |
Step-up population (N = 9169) |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| pMDI (N = 39,746) | BAI (N = 9809) | DPI (N = 6792) | P-value | pMDI (N = 6245) | BAI (N = 1388) | DPI (N = 1536) | P-value | |
| Asthma diagnosis in database % predicted PEF [no. (%) with data] % | 36,943 (92.9) | 9101 (92.8) | 6284 (92.5) | 0.421 | 6107 (97.8) | 1366 (98.4) | 1505 (98.0) | 0.331 |
| [5660 (14.2)] | [1449 (14.8)] | [945 (13.9)] | <0.001 | [1421 (22.8)] | [346 (24.9)] | [389 (25.3)] | 0.114 | |
| 73.3 (55.6–85.8) | 73.4 (56.7–87.0) | 68.3 (50.0–83.4) | 72.3 (50.7–87.2) | 70.4 (54.5–86.3) | 68.8 (50.7–83.4) | |||
| Asthma prescriptions | 1 (0–2) | 1 (0–2) | 1 (0–2) | 0.115 | 4 (2–7) | 4 (2–6) | 4 (2–7) | <0.001 |
| Asthma consultations | ||||||||
| 0 | 17,724 (44.6) | 4064 (41.4) | 2925 (43.1) | <0.001 | 1237 (19.8) | 283 (20.4) | 287 (18.7) | 0.590 |
| 1 | 11,758 (29.6) | 3023 (30.8) | 2046 (30.1) | 1454 (23.3) | 312 (22.5) | 377 (24.5) | ||
| 2 | 5772 (14.5) | 1539(15.7) | 1020 (15.0) | 1318 (21.1) | 315 (22.7) | 322 (21.0) | ||
| ≥3 | 4492 (11.3) | 1183 (12.1) | 801 (11.8) | 2236 (35.8) | 478 (34.4) | 550 (35.8) | ||
| Asthma consultations, no OCS | ||||||||
| 0 | 19,572 (49.2) | 4541 (46.3) | 3224 (47.5) | <0.001 | 1687 (27.0) | 350 (25.2) | 363 (23.6) | 0.005 |
| 1 | 11,384 (28.6) | 2913 (29.7) | 1986 (29.2) | 1655 (26.5) | 337 (24.3) | 418 (27.2) | ||
| 2 | 5126 (12.9) | 1392 (14.2) | 931 (13.7) | 1204 (19.3) | 319 (23.0) | 305 (19.9) | ||
| ≥3 | 3664 (9.2) | 963 (9.8) | 651 (9.6) | 1699 (27.2) | 382 (27.5) | 450 (29.3) | ||
| Prescribed SABA inhalers | ||||||||
| 0 | 19,082 (48.0) | 4682 (47.7) | 3549 (52.3) | <0.001 | 245 (3.9) | 65 (4.7) | 101 (6.6) | <0.001 |
| 1 | 11,601 (29.2) | 3015 (30.7) | 1947 (28.7) | 1412 (22.6) | 368 (26.5) | 371 (24.2) | ||
| 2 | 4792 (12.1) | 1131 (11.5) | 688 (10.1) | 1370 (21.9) | 340 (24.5) | 353 (23.0) | ||
| ≥3 | 4271 (10.7) | 981 (10.0) | 608 (9.0) | 3218 (51.5) | 615 (44.3) | 711 (46.3) | ||
| Antibiotic prescription, none | 32,932 (82.9) | 8038 (81.9) | 5703 (84.0) | 0.009 | 4883 (78.2) | 1126 (81.1) | 1225 (79.8) | 0.122 |
| One or more | 6814 (17.1) | 1771 (18.1) | 1089 (16.0) | 1362 (21.8) | 262 (18.9) | 311 (20.2) | ||
| Oral corticosteroid courses | ||||||||
| 0 | 35,559 (89.5) | 8726 (89.0) | 6047 (89.0) | 0.791 | 4540 (72.7) | 1095 (78.9) | 1179 (76.8) | <0.001 |
| 1 | 3478 (8.8) | 902 (9.2) | 615 (9.1) | 1107 (17.7) | 213 (15.3) | 235 (15.3) | ||
| ≥2 | 709 (1.8) | 181 (1.8) | 130 (1.9) | 598 (9.6) | 80 (5.8) | 122 (7.9) | ||
| Severe exacerbations | ||||||||
| 0 | 35,529 (89.4) | 8718 (88.9) | 6042 (89.0) | 0.765 | 4525 (72.5) | 1093 (78.7) | 1172 (76.3) | <0.001 |
| 1 | 3489 (8.8) | 908 (9.3) | 618 (9.1) | 1099 (17.6) | 214 (15.4) | 239 (15.6) | ||
| 2 | 544 (1.4) | 137 (1.4) | 96 (1.4) | 380 (6.1) | 57 (4.1) | 76 (4.9) | ||
| ≥3 | 184 (0.5) | 46 (0.5) | 36 (0.5) | 241 (3.9) | 24 (1.7) | 49 (3.2) | ||
| ≥1 Hospitalization for asthmaa | 51 (0.1) | 10 (0.1) | 8 (0.1) | 0.794 | 46 (0.7) | 3 (0.2) | 11 (0.7) | 0.089 |
| Asthma controlb | 30,129 (75.8) | 7328 (74.7) | 5205 (76.6) | 0.013 | 3727 (59.7) | 927 (66.8) | 977 (63.6) | <0.001 |
Notes: Values shown are n (%) or median (interquartile range). P-values for comparison among the three cohorts calculated with χ2 test for categorical data, Kruskal–Wallis test for continuous data;
Recorded hospital attendance for asthma including admission, A&E attendance, out-of-hours attendance, or outpatient attendance;
The primary measure of asthma control was defined as no hospital attendance for asthma, oral corticosteroid course, or antibiotics for lower respiratory infection.
Abbreviations: BAI, breath-actuated inhaler; DPI, dry powder inhaler; OCS, oral corticosteroid; PEF, peak expiratory flow; pMDI, pressurized metered-dose inhaler; SABA, short-acting β2 agonist.