Table 3. Multilevel, multivariate hazard ratios and 95% CIs for all-cause mortality in different BMI categories within a model adjusted for age, gender, smoking status, alcohol consumption and year of survey.
|
Deaths |
Hazard ratio (95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | |||
| Fixed | ||||
| Age (10-year increase) | —a | |||
| Gender | ||||
| Women | 11 075 (55.1) | 593 (46.3) | —b | |
| Men | 9042 (44.9) | 687 (53.7) | ||
| BMI (kg m−2) | ||||
| <18.5 (Underweight) | 294 (1.5) | 49 (3.8) | 2.66 (1.97–3.60) | |
| 18.5–<25 (Desirable weight) | 7765 (38.6) | 437 (34.1) | 1 | |
| 25–<30 (Overweight) | 7589 (37.7) | 474 (37.0) | 0.80 (0.70–0.91) | |
| ⩾30 (Obese) | 4469 (22.2) | 320 (25.0) | 0.93 (0.80–1.08) | |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Never smoked | 8406 (41.8) | 277 (21.6) | —a | |
| Ex-smoker | 4662 (23.2) | 373 (29.1) | ||
| Light smoker | 1610 (8.0) | 119 (9.3) | ||
| Moderate smoker | 2716 (13.5) | 221 (17.3) | ||
| Heavy smoker | 2723 (13.5) | 290 (22.7) | ||
| Alcohol consumption | ||||
| Never/occasional drinker | 1089 (5.4) | 102 (8.0) | 1 | |
| Ex-drinker | 846 (4.2) | 112 (8.8) | 1.22 (0.92–1.60) | |
| 0–<7 units per week | 8783 (43.7) | 557 (43.5) | 0.95 (0.76–1.17) | |
| 7–<14 units per week | 3613 (18.0) | 180 (14.1) | 0.84 (0.65–1.07) | |
| 14–<21 units per week | 2289 (11.4) | 106 (8.3) | 0.79 (0.59–1.04) | |
| 21–<28 units per week | 1266 (6.3) | 73 (5.7) | 0.94 (0.68–1.28) | |
| ⩾28 units per week | 2231 (11.1) | 150 (11.7) | 1.01 (0.77–1.32) | |
| SHeSs | ||||
| 1995 | 6667 (33.1) | 448 (35.0) | —b | |
| 1998 | 7380 (36.7) | 626 (48.9) | ||
| 2003 | 6070 (30.2) | 206 (16.1) | ||
| Interactions | ||||
| Gender*SHeSs | ||||
| Women*1995 | 3634 (18.1) | 189 (14.8) | 1 | |
| Women*1998 | 4100 (20.4) | 300 (23.4) | 1.01 (0.83–1.23) | |
| Women*2003 | 3341 (16.6) | 104 (8.1) | 0.82 (0.63–1.08) | |
| Men*1995 | 3033 (15.1) | 259 (20.2) | 1.75 (1.44–2.13) | |
| Men*1998 | 3280 (16.3) | 326 (25.5) | 1.50 (1.23–1.84) | |
| Men*2003 | 2729 (13.6) | 102 (8.0) | 0.92 (0.69–1.22) | |
| Age (10-year increase)*smoking | ||||
| Age (10 years increase)*never smoked | — | — | 2.53 (2.30–2.79) | |
| Age (10 years increase)*ex-smoker | — | — | 3.65 (3.35–3.99) | |
| Age (10 years increase)*light smoker | — | — | 5.38 (4.71–6.15) | |
| Age (10 years increase)*moderate smoker | — | — | 6.75 (6.06–7.52) | |
| Age (10 years increase)*heavy smoker | — | — | 8.24 (7.36–9.23) | |
| Random | Estimate | s.e. | ||
| Variance at postcode sectors level | 0.03 | 0.03 | ||
| Total, n | 20 117 | 1280 | ||
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; SHeSs, Scottish Health Surveys.
a
Interaction between age and smoking status.
b
Interaction between gender and year of SHeS.