Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study subjects in relation to the development of hypertension
| Baseline characteristics | Total (n = 2,278) | Incident hypertension | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No (n = 2,127) | Yes (n = 151) | |||
| Age, years (n) | 46 ± 6 | 46 ± 6 | 48 ± 5 | <0.01 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.7 ± 2.8 | 23.1 ± 2.9 | 25.4 ± 3.3 | <0.001 |
| Smoking (n, %) | 1,164 (51.1%) | 1,097 (51.6%) | 67 (44.4%) | 0.09 |
| Alcohol (n, %) | 1,640 (72.0%) | 1,519 (71.4%) | 121 (80.1%) | <0.05 |
| Exercise (≥1/week) (n, %) | 1,035 (45.4%) | 949 (44.6%) | 86 (57.0%) | <0.01 |
| Diabetes mellitus (n, %) | 40 (1.8%) | 31 (1.5%) | 9 (6.0%) | <0.001 |
| Hyperlipidemia (n, %) | 88 (3.9%) | 69 (3.2%) | 19 (12.6%) | <0.001 |
| Family history of hypertension (n, %) | 317 (13.9%) | 291 (13.7%) | 26 (17.2%) | 0.23 |
| Heart rate (beats/min) | 61 ± 10 | 61 ± 10 | 62 ± 10 | 0.06 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 117 ± 9 | 116 ± 9 | 127 ± 7 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 74 ± 7 | 73 ± 7 | 82 ± 5 | <0.001 |
| baPWV (cm/s) | 1,301 ± 142 | 1,293 ± 137 | 1,412 ± 168 | <0.001 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 127 ± 31 | 127 ± 31 | 126 ± 32 | 0.68 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 56 ± 14 | 56 ± 14 | 54 ± 15 | 0.09 |
| Triglyceridea (mg/dL) | 104 (73–150) | 103 (73–149) | 115 (86–169) | <0.01 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 93 ± 17 | 93 ± 16 | 100 ± 23 | <0.001 |
baPWV Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, LDL low-density lipoprotein, HDL high-density lipoprotein
Unless indicated otherwise, data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation (SD)
aTriglyceride is expressed as a median and interquartile range (IQR) due to its skewed distribution