Table 4.

Relation of obstructive sleep apnea to incident heart failure^*

	Apnea-hypopnea index (events per hour)
	<5.0	5.0 to 14.9	15.0 to 29.9	≥ 30.0	P value†
Men
Number of subjects	829	644	282	172
Number of heart failure events	44	46	25	26
Covariates in model
Age, race, BMI, smoking	1.00 (referent)	0.96 (0.63, 1.46)	1.17 (0.71, 1.94)	1.61 (0.95, 2.71)	0.03
+ total and HDL cholesterol, lipid- lowering meds, diabetes mellitus	1.00 (referent)	0.90 (0.59, 1.38)	1.08 (0.65, 1.80)	1.59 (0.94, 2.69)	0.02
+ SBP, DBP, use of anti- hypertensive medications	1.00 (referent)	0.88 (0.57, 1.35)	1.13 (0.68, 1.89)	1.58 (0.93, 2.66)	0.02
Women
Number of subjects	1605	610	196	84
Number of heart failure events	86	54	19	8
Covariates in model
Age, race, BMI, smoking	1.00 (referent)	1.12 (0.79, 1.59)	1.10 (0.66, 1.83)	1.05 (0.50, 2.23)	0.72
+ total and HDL cholesterol, lipid- lowering meds, diabetes mellitus	1.00 (referent)	1.15 (0.81, 1.63)	1.06 (0.64, 1.77)	1.19 (0.56, 2.53)	0.90
+ SBP, DBP, use of anti- hypertensive medications	1.00 (referent)	1.13 (0.80, 1.61)	1.01 (0.60, 1.69)	1.19 (0.56, 2.52)	0.83

^*Results are adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval)

^†P value for the overall effect of AHI modeled as a continuous variable