Table 4.

Mortality risk ratios (95% confidence intervals) in models with alternative area variables

Model	Variable	Risk ratio		Wald(d.f.)	p-value
Model 1	Area of residence at age 30-34 years (or ethnicity)
	Western Finland	Reference		58.60(2)	< 0.001
	Eastern Finland	1.12	(1.00 to 1.26)
	Swedish speaker	0.60	(0.51 to 0.70)
Model 2	Birth area (or ethnicity)
	Western Finland	Reference		59.26(2)	< 0.001
	Eastern Finland	1.13	(1.01 to 1.26)
	Swedish speaker	0.60	(0.52 to 0.71)
Model 3	Mother's birth area (or ethnicity)
	Western Finland	Reference		59.78(2)	< 0.001
	Eastern Finland	1.14	(1.02 to 1.27)
	Swedish speaker	0.62	(0.52 to 0.72)
Model 4	Father's birth area (or ethnicity)
	Western Finland	Reference		65.78(2)	< 0.001
	Eastern Finland	1.21	(1.08 to 1.35)
	Swedish speaker	0.64	(0.54 to 0.75)
Model 5	Parents' birth area (or ethnicity)
	Both from western Finland	Reference		66.87(2)	< 0.001
	One or both from eastern Finland	1.23	(1.09 to 1.39)
	Swedish speaker	0.66	(0.56 to 0.78)
Model 6	Parents' birth area (or ethnicity)
	Both from western Finland	Reference		66.87(3)	< 0.001
	One from eastern Finland	1.23	(1.05 to 1.43)
	Both from eastern Finland	1.24	(1.09 to 1.41)
	Swedish speaker	0.66	(0.56 to 0.78)

Number of persons is 61531. Number of deaths is 1464.

All models are adjusted for educational level, family type, and birth year.

Wald statistic (degrees of freedom) and p-value are for the entire variable.