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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Ann Neurol. 2011 Mar 17;69(6):975–985. doi: 10.1002/ana.22367

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Repetitive hypoxic preconditioning (RHP) reduces postischemic leukocyte adherence. (A) In homogenates of isolated capillary endothelium, transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAo) increased E-selectin and P-selectin mRNA expression (n=11) relative to shams (n=8), but in RHP-treated mice, the extent of this postischemic upregulation was reduced. In RHP-treated mice, postischemic VCAM-1 mRNA expression was significantly downregulated. (B and D) Leukocyte adherence to cortical venular endothelium increased (B) following tMCAo (n=5), or (D) after TNF-α i.p. (n=9), relative to adherence in in sham-operated mice (n=7). RHP 2 wks (n=8) or 4 wks (n=4) prior significantly reduced both ischemia-induced and TNF-induced adherence, an effect also shown in representative video photomicrographs of cortical venules following (C) tMCAo or (E) TNF-α (2 wks, n=6; 4 wks, n=5). Scale bar = 100μm. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001 vs. naïve or sham, or for 2 wks vs. 4 wks following RHP; †p<0.05, ††p<0.01, †††p<0.001 vs. control tMCAo or control TNF-α.