Table 1.
Baseline characteristics by pulse wave velocity quartiles
| aPWV (range (cm/sec)) | Q1 (<642.7) | Q2 (642.7–807) | Q3 (807–1,052.5) | Q4 (>1,052.5) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | 566 (25) | 568 (25) | 567 (25) | 568 (25) | Total = 2,269 |
| Age ± s.d., years | 74 ± 3 | 74 ± 3 | 74 ± 3 | 74 ± 3 | <0.001 |
| Female, n (%) | 326 (58) | 313 (55) | 280 (49) | 264 (47) | <0.001 |
| Black, n (%) | 188 (33) | 219 (39) | 216 (38) | 250 (44) | 0.003 |
| Smoking | |||||
| Current, n (%) | 51 (9) | 57 (10) | 51 (9) | 59 (10) | 0.008 |
| Former, n (%) | 229 (41) | 254 (45) | 291 (51) | 271 (48) | |
| Physical activity, METsa | 648 (189, 1,488) | 503 (86, 1,316) | 470 (99, 1,305) | 362 (34, 1,162) | <0.001 |
| eGFRcys ± s.d. (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 82 ± 21 | 78 ± 20 | 77 ± 22 | 76 ± 20 | <0.001 |
| Total chol. ± s.d., mg/dl | 203 ± 37 | 205 ± 38 | 204 ± 41 | 203 ± 40 | 0.81 |
| HDL chol. ± s.d., mg/dl | 57 ± 17 | 55 ± 17 | 53 ± 17 | 53 ± 18 | <0.001 |
| LDL chol. ± s.d., mg/dl | 121 ± 32 | 123 ± 35 | 123 ± 36 | 122 ± 36 | 0.74 |
| Lipid med use, n (%) | 77 (14) | 87 (15) | 84 (15) | 82 (15) | 0.87 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 73 (13) | 108 (19) | 142 (25) | 178 (31) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 284 (50) | 345 (61) | 372 (66) | 415 (73) | <0.001 |
| BMI ± s.d., kg/m2 | 26.2 ± 4.4 | 27.6 ± 4.7 | 28.0 ± 4.9 | 27.6 ± 4.8 | <0.001 |
| Heart rate ± s.d., bpm | 61.7 ± 10.0 | 64.6 ± 10.3 | 65.8 ± 11.7 | 66.9 ± 11.6 | <0.001 |
| SBP ± s.d., mm Hg | 131 ± 19 | 134 ± 19 | 138 ± 21 | 142 ± 22 | <0.001 |
| DBP ± s.d., mm Hg | 70 ± 11 | 72 ± 11 | 72 ± 12 | 73 ± 12 | 0.003 |
| Diuretic use, n (%) | 111 (20) | 136 (24) | 161 (28) | 157 (28) | 0.002 |
| ACE inhibitor/ARB use, n (%) | 82 (15) | 86 (15) | 100 (18) | 122 (22) | 0.007 |
| β-Blocker use, n (%) | 66 (12) | 80 (14) | 87 (15) | 80 (14) | 0.34 |
| α-Blocker use, n (%) | 17 (3) | 18 (3) | 29 (5) | 34 (6) | 0.03 |
| Calcium-channel blocker use, n (%) | 92 (16) | 117 (21) | 148 (26) | 153 (27) | <0.001 |
| Prevalent CVD, n (%) | 129 (23) | 133 (23) | 177 (31) | 166 (29) | 0.002 |
| 25 (OH) vitamin D ± s.d., μg/l | 27 ± 11 | 26 ± 12 | 26 ± 13 | 25 ± 11 | 0.001 |
| Intact PTH ± s.d., pg/mla | 31 (24, 43) | 34 (25, 46) | 34 (26, 47) | 36 (26, 48) | <0.001 |
| Serum calcium ± s.d., mg/dl | 8.9 ± 0.4 | 8.9 ± 0.4 | 8.9 ± 0.4 | 8.9 ± 0.4 | 0.91 |
| Phosphorus ± s.d., mg/dl | 3.6 ± 0.5 | 3.5 ± 0.5 | 3.6 ± 0.5 | 3.5 ± 0.5 | 0.02 |
25 (OH) vitamin D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; aPWV, arterial pulse wave velocity; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; bpm, beats/min; chol., cholesterol; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; PTH, parathyroid hormone; SBP, systolic blood pressure.
a
Median (interquartile range).