Table 2.
Sample Demographic and Clinical Characteristics by Adherence Group (N =302)
| TOTAL | High Adherence (scores 9–10) | Moderate Adherence (scores 11–16) | Low Adherence (scores > 16) | Statistic | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (N = 302) | (n = 100) | (n = 114) | (n = 88) | ||
| DEMOGRAPHICS | |||||
| Age | 45.3 ± 8.3 | 45.5 ± 8.1 | 45.4 ± 8.4 | 45.1 ± 8.4 | ns |
| Gender | ns | ||||
| Male | 68% | 34% | 40% | 26% | |
| Female | 25% | 34% | 34% | 32% | |
| Transgender | 7% | 18% | 32% | 50% | |
| Race/Ethnicity | χ2(6) = 15.2, p = .019 | ||||
| African American | 39% | 36% | 32% | 32% | |
| Caucasian | 41% | 35% | 44% | 21% | |
| Hispanic | 9% | 18% | 29% | 54%a | |
| Mixed/Other | 11% | 28% | 44% | 28% | |
| Education | χ2(2) = 11.9, p = .003 | ||||
| < High school | 14% | 31% | 19% | 50%a | |
| ≥ High school | 86% | 33% | 41% | 26% | |
| Employment Status | ns | ||||
| Employed | 16% | 16% | 17% | 14% | |
| Unemployed | 9% | 12% | 5% | 10% | |
| Medical Disability | 75% | 72% | 78% | 76% | |
| CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS | |||||
| Presumed route of infection | ns | ||||
| Sexual contact | 62% | 63% | 68% | 55% | |
| IVDU | 11% | 13% | 7% | 14% | |
| Either Sex or IVDU | 21% | 18% | 19% | 25% | |
| Other/Unknown | 6% | 6% | 6% | 7% | |
| Time since HIV diagnosis | |||||
| M ± SD(years) | 12.2 ± 6.9 | 12.8 ± 6.5 | 12.0 ± 7.3 | 11.8 ± 6.8 | ns |
| Range (years) | 0.2–27 | 0.3–25 | 0.2–25 | 0.6–27 | |
| AIDS diagnosis | 54% | 50% | 56% | 59% | ns |
| Hepatitis C infection (n = 287/302) | 34% | 30% | 34% | 37% | |
| CD4+ T cell count (n = 288/302) | |||||
| Category: | ns | ||||
| % < 200 cells/mm3 | 18% | 17% | 13% | 26% | |
| % = 200–499 cells/mm3 | 44% | 40% | 49% | 41% | |
| % ≥ 500 cells/mm3 | 38% | 43% | 38% | 34% | |
| M ± SD (cells/mm3) | 445 ± 264 | 473 ± 283 | 458 ± 253 | 395 ± 253 | ns |
| Viral load (n = 281/302) | |||||
| Category | |||||
| % = Undetectable | 52% | 56% | 57% | 41%b | χ2(4) = 11.9, p = .018 |
| % = 50–9,999 copies/mL | 30% | 31% | 29% | 29% | |
| % ≥ 10,000 copies/mL | 18% | 17% | 14% | 30%b | |
| Viral suppression (< 400 copies/mL) | 62% | 67% | 67% | 48%b | |
| Median detectable value (n = 135) | 4197 | 1287 | 2533 | 10158 | χ2(2) = 8.4, p = .015 F(2,132) =3.7, p = .027 |
| Medication regimen | |||||
| Total # of medications M ± SD | 6.8 ± 4.2 | 6.6 ± 3.9 | 7.1 ± 4.4 | 6.4 ± 4.0 | ns |
| Type of HIV therapy | ns | ||||
| None | 26% | 25% | 22% | 33% | |
| NRTI-based | 6% | 6% | 4% | 7% | |
| NNRTI-based | 21% | 25% | 25% | 11% | |
| PI-based | 43% | 39% | 45% | 46% | |
| Other | 4% | 5% | 4% | 3% | |
| Adherence log (3 days) | |||||
| % missing medication on ≥ 1 day | 12% | 2% | 11% | 24% | χ2(2) = 21.8, p < .001c |
Note. Demographic percentages are totalled by row, clinical characteristics are totalled by column. NRTI = nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; NNRTI = non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; PI = protease inhibitor; M = mean; SD = standard deviation; IVDU = intravenous drug use
a
Hispanic adults and those who did not complete high school were more likely to report low adherence.
b
Those in the low adherence group were more likely to have a viral load ≥ 10,000 copies/mL and less likely to have an undetectable viral load or viral suppression.
c
All three adherence groups differed significantly based on Bonferroni-adjusted post-hoc tests.