Table 3.
Examples of remote phenotypic monitoring devices for potential use in n-of-1 clinical trials.
| Condition | Phenotype | Treatments and monitoring | Device |
|---|---|---|---|
| Type 2 diabetes | Glucose, insulin | Metformin/glitazones/sulfonylureas | Continuous glucose monitor |
| Hypertension | Blood pressure | All | Blood pressure, heart rate |
| Atrial fibrillation | Heart rhythm | Dose titration | Heart rate monitor |
| Insomnia | Sleep quality | All | Zeo |
| Osteoarthritis of the knee | Pain, mobility | NSAID, lidocaine, DMSO | Actigraph, pain diary |
| Esophageal reflux (GERD) | pH | Proton pump inhibitor | pH sensor placed via esophagela probe |
| Migraines | Pain, frequency | Triptans | Pain, occurrence diary |
| Fibromyalgia syndrome | Pain, frequency | Antiseizure, antiepileptic or placebo | Pain, occurrence diary |
| Depression | Severity, frequency | All, placebo | Actigraph, mood diary |
| Congestive heart failure | Heart rhythm | β-blockers, ACE inhibitors | Blood pressure, heart rate and oxygen saturation |
| COPD | Attack frequency | Inhaled bronchodilators/anti-inflammatories | Occurrence and severity diary |
| Obesity | Weight | Behavioral and/or antiappetitive | Actigraph, weight and energy expenditure |
| Sleep apnea | Oxygen saturation | Mechanical devices | Oxygen saturation |
| Parkinson’s disease | Tremor, mobility | L-dopa | Wrist tremor monitor |
| ADHD | Activity, focus | Behavioral, stimulants | Actigraph, behavorial diary |
ACE: Angiotensin-converting enzyme; ADHD: Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DMSO: Dimethyl sulfoxide; GERD: Gastroesophageal reflux disease.
For further discussion of remote phenotypic monitoring devices please see [45].